Beyond T-cell subsets: stemness and adaptation redefining immunity and immunotherapy

Kaech SM, Cui W. Transcriptional control of effector and memory CD8+ T cell differentiation. Nat Rev Immunol. 2012;12:749–61.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Blank CU, Haining WN, Held W, Hogan PG, Kallies A, Lugli E, et al. Defining ‘T-cell exhaustion. Nat Rev Immunol. 2019;19:665–74.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

ElTanbouly MA, Noelle RJ. Rethinking peripheral T-cell tolerance: checkpoints across a T-cell’s journey. Nat Rev Immunol. 2021;21:257–67.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mikami N, Sakaguchi S. Regulatory T cells in autoimmune kidney diseases and transplantation. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2023;19:544–57.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bluestone JA, Mackay CR, O’Shea JJ, Stockinger B. The functional plasticity of T-cell subsets. Nat Rev Immunol. 2009;9:811–6.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

O’Shea JJ, Paul WE. Mechanisms underlying lineage commitment and plasticity of helper CD4+ T cells. Science. 2010;327:1098–102.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zheng L, Qin S, Si W, Wang A, Xing B, Gao R, et al. Pancancer single-cell landscape of tumor-infiltrating T cells. Science. 2021;374:abe6474.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cardenas MA, Prokhnevska N, Sobierajska E, Gregorova P, Medina CB, Valanparambil RM, et al. Differentiation fate of a stem-like CD4 T-cell controls immunity to cancer. Nature. 2024;636:224–32.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hanahan D, Michielin O, Pittet MJ. Convergent inducers and effectors of T-cell paralysis in the tumor microenvironment. Nat Rev Cancer. 2025;25:41–58.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Guo M, Liu MYR, Brooks DG. Regulation and impact of tumor-specific CD4(+) T cells in cancer and immunotherapy. Trends Immunol. 2024;45:303–13.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zou D, Yin Z, Yi SG, Wang G, Guo Y, Xiao X, et al. CD4(+) T-cell immunity is dependent on an intrinsic stem-like program. Nat Immunol. 2024;25:66–76.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Li Y, Ramirez-Suastegui C, Harris R, Castaneda-Castro FE, Ascui G, Perez-Jeldres T, et al. Stem-like T cells are associated with the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis in humans. Nat Immunol. 2024;25:1231–44.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kratchmarov R, Djeddi S, Dunlap G, He W, Jia X, Burk CM, et al. TCF1-LEF1 coexpression identifies a multipotent progenitor cell (T(H)2-MPP) across human allergic diseases. Nat Immunol. 2024;25:902–15.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hong SW, Krueger PD, Osum KC, Dileepan T, Herman A, Mueller DL, et al. Immune tolerance of food is mediated by layers of CD4(+) T-cell dysfunction. Nature. 2022;607:762–8.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rizzuto G, Brooks JF, Tuomivaara ST, McIntyre TI, Ma S, Rideaux D, et al. Establishment of fetomaternal tolerance through glycan-mediated B-cell suppression. Nature. 2022;603:497–502.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Xia Y, Sandor K, Pai JA, Daniel B, Raju S, Wu R, et al. BCL6-dependent TCF-1(+) progenitor cells maintain effector and helper CD4(+) T-cell responses to persistent antigen. Immunity. 2022;55:1200–15.e6.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zou D, Zhang X, Li S, Xiao X, Gonzalez NM, Minze LJ, et al. Aerobic glycolysis enables the effector differentiation potential of stem-like CD4(+) T cells to combat cancer. Cell Mol Immunol. 2024;21:527–9.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zehn D, Thimme R, Lugli E, de Almeida GP, Oxenius A. Stem-like’ precursors are the fount to sustain persistent CD8(+) T-cell responses. Nat Immunol. 2022;23:836–47.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cantor H, Boyse EA. Functional subclasses of T-lymphocytes bearing different Ly antigens. I. The generation of functionally distinct T-cell subclasses is a differentiative process independent of antigen. J Exp Med. 1975;141:1376–89.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kung P, Goldstein G, Reinherz EL, Schlossman SF. Monoclonal antibodies defining distinctive human T-cell surface antigens. Science. 1979;206:347–9.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Parnes JR. Molecular biology and function of CD4 and CD8. Adv Immunol. 1989;44:265–311.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rudensky Y, Preston-Hurlburt P, Hong SC, Barlow A, Janeway CA Jr. Sequence analysis of peptides bound to MHC class II molecules. Nature. 1991;353:622–7.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Roche PA, Furuta K. The ins and outs of MHC class II-mediated antigen processing and presentation. Nat Rev Immunol. 2015;15:203–16.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Crotty S. A brief history of T-cell help to B cells. Nat Rev Immunol. 2015;15:185–9.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fung-Leung WP, Schilham MW, Rahemtulla A, Kundig TM, Vollenweider M, Potter J, et al. CD8 is needed for development of cytotoxic T cells but not helper T cells. Cell. 1991;65:443–9.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Boon T, Cerottini JC, Van den Eynde B, van der Bruggen P, Van Pel A. Tumor antigens recognized by T lymphocytes. Annu Rev Immunol. 1994;12:337–65.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Truong HV, Sgourakis NG. Dynamics of MHC-I molecules in the antigen processing and presentation pathway. Curr Opin Immunol. 2021;70:122–8.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mosmann TR, Cherwinski H, Bond MW, Giedlin MA, Coffman RL. Two types of murine helper T-cell clone. I. Definition according to profiles of lymphokine activities and secreted proteins. J Immunol. 1986;136:2348–57.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mosmann TR, Coffman RL. TH1 and TH2 cells: different patterns of lymphokine secretion lead to different functional properties. Annu Rev Immunol. 1989;7:145–73.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cooper AM, Roberts AD, Rhoades ER, Callahan JE, Getzy DM, Orme IM. The role of interleukin-12 in acquired immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Immunology. 1995;84:423–32.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Muller I, Garcia-Sanz JA, Titus R, Behin R, Louis J. Analysis of the cellular parameters of the immune responses contributing to resistance and susceptibility of mice to infection with the intracellular parasite, Leishmania major. Immunol Rev. 1989;112:95–113.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Snell LM, Osokine I, Yamada DH, De la Fuente JR, Elsaesser HJ, Brooks DG. Overcoming CD4 Th1 cell fate restrictions to sustain antiviral CD8 T cells and control persistent virus infection. Cell Rep. 2016;16:3286–96.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Okamura H, Kashiwamura S, Tsutsui H, Yoshimoto T, Nakanishi K. Regulation of interferon-gamma production by IL-12 and IL-18. Curr Opin Immunol. 1998;10:259–64.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Romagnani S. Lymphokine production by human T cells in disease states. Annu Rev Immunol. 1994;12:227–57.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ruterbusch M, Pruner KB, Shehata L, Pepper M. In Vivo CD4(+) T-Cell Differentiation and Function: revisiting the Th1/Th2 paradigm. Annu Rev Immunol. 2020;38:705–25.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Charlton B, Lafferty KJ. The Th1/Th2 balance in autoimmunity. Curr Opin Immunol. 1995;7:793–8.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Comments (0)

No login
gif