Rabinowitz YS (1998) Keratoconus. Surv Ophthalmol 42(4):297–319

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mas Tur V, MacGregor C, Jayaswal R, O’Brart D, Maycock N (2017) A review of keratoconus: diagnosis, pathophysiology, and genetics. Surv Ophthalmol 62(6):770–783

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ferdi AC, Nguyen V, Gore DM, Allan BD, Rozema JJ, Watson SL (2019) Keratoconus natural progression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 11,529 eyes. Ophthalmology 126(7):935–945

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bykhovskaya Y, Rabinowitz YS (2021) Update on the genetics of keratoconus. Exp Eye Res 202:108398

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Blackburn BJ, Jenkins MW, Rollins AM, Dupps WJ (2019) A review of structural and biomechanical changes in the cornea in aging, disease, and photochemical crosslinking. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 7:66

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Downie LE, Lindsay RG (2015) Contact lens management of keratoconus. Clin Exp Optom 98(4):299–311

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wollensak G, Spoerl E, Seiler T (2003) Riboflavin/ultraviolet-a-induced collagen crosslinking for the treatment of keratoconus. Am J Ophthalmol 135(5):620–627

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kamaev P, Friedman MD, Sherr E, Muller D (2012) Photochemical kinetics of corneal cross-linking with riboflavin. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 53(4):2360–2367

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chang SH, Mohammadvali A, Chen KJ, Ji YR, Young TH, Wang TJ et al (2018) The relationship between mechanical properties, ultrastructural changes, and intrafibrillar bond formation in corneal UVA/riboflavin cross-linking treatment for keratoconus. J Refract Surg 34(4):264–272. https://doi.org/10.3928/1081597X-20180220-01

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Raiskup F, Spoerl E (2013) Corneal crosslinking with riboflavin and ultraviolet A. I. Principles. Ocul Surf 11(2):65–74

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hammer A, Richoz O, Arba Mosquera S, Tabibian D, Hoogewoud F, Hafezi F (2014) Corneal biomechanical properties at different corneal cross-linking (CXL) irradiances. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 55(5):2881–2884

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shajari M, Kolb CM, Agha B, Steinwender G, Müller M, Herrmann E et al (2019) Comparison of standard and accelerated corneal cross-linking for the treatment of keratoconus: a meta-analysis. Acta Ophthalmol 97(1):e22–e35

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

McQuaid R, Cummings AB, Mrochen M (2013) The theory and art of corneal cross-linking. Indian J Ophthalmol 61(8):416–419

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bao FJ, Zheng YR, Liu C, Zheng XB, Zhao YP, Wang Y et al (2018) Changes in corneal biomechanical properties with different corneal cross-linking irradiances. J Refract Surg 34(1):51–58. https://doi.org/10.3928/1081597X-20171025-01

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yeh CY, Chen KC, Chen YJ, Cheng SF (2024) Accelerated versus conventional corneal collagen cross-linking for keratoconus: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Ophthalmol 2024:11206721241298317

Kobashi H, Rong SS (2017) Corneal collagen cross-linking for keratoconus: systematic review. Biomed Res Int 2017:8145651

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Meiri Z, Keren S, Rosenblatt A, Sarig T, Shenhav L, Varssano D (2016) Efficacy of corneal collagen cross-linking for the treatment of keratoconus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cornea 35(3):417–428

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gomes JAP, Tan D, Rapuano CJ, Belin MW, Ambrósio R Jr, Guell JL et al (2015) Global consensus on keratoconus and ectatic diseases. Cornea 34(4):359–369

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Terai N, Raiskup F, Haustein M, Pillunat LE, Spoerl E (2012) Identification of biomechanical properties of the cornea: the ocular response analyzer. Curr Eye Res 37(7):553–562

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Steinberg J, Frings A, Mousli A, Casagrande MK, Druchkiv V, Katz T et al (2016) New Scheimpflug dynamic in vivo curve analyses to characterize biomechanical changes of the cornea after cross-linking for progressive keratoconus. J Refract Surg 32(1):34–39. https://doi.org/10.3928/1081597X-20151207-09

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Twa MD, Li J, Vantipalli S, Singh M, Aglyamov S, Emelianov S et al (2014) Spatial characterization of corneal biomechanical properties with optical coherence elastography after UV cross-linking. Biomed Opt Express 5(5):1419–1427

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Beckman Rehnman J, Behndig A, Hallberg P, Lindén C (2014) Increased corneal hysteresis after corneal collagen crosslinking: a study based on applanation resonance technology. JAMA Ophthalmol 132(12):1426–1432. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2014.3029

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hamid A, Jahadi-Hosseini H, Khalili MR, Jahanbani-Ardakani H (2023) Corneal biomechanical changes after corneal cross-linking in patients with keratoconus. J Curr Ophthalmol 34(4):409–413. https://doi.org/10.4103/joco.joco_177_21

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liu T, Shen M, Li H, Zhang Y, Mu B, Zhao X et al (2020) Changes and quantitative characterization of hyper-viscoelastic biomechanical properties for young corneal stroma after standard corneal cross-linking treatment with different ultraviolet—a energies. Acta Biomater 113:438–451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2020.06.005. (Epub 2020 Jun 7)

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zheng X, Weng Y, Wang Y, Xin Y, Wu J, Ziad Masoud Abu Said A et al (2022) Long-term effects of riboflavin ultraviolet-A-induced CXL with different irradiances on the biomechanics of in vivo rabbit corneas. J Refract Surg 38(6):389–397. https://doi.org/10.3928/1081597X-20220425-01

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sykakis E, Karim R, Evans JR et al (2015) Corneal collagen cross-linking for treating keratoconus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015(3):CD010621

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Deshmukh R, Ong ZZ, Rampat R, Alió del Barrio JL, Barua A, Ang M et al (2023) Management of keratoconus: an updated review. Front Med (Lausanne) 10:1212314. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2023.1212314

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD et al (2020) The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 2021:372. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71

Article  Google Scholar 

Sterne JA, Hernán MA, Reeves BC, Savović J, Berkman ND, Viswanathan M et al (2016) ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i4919

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Study Quality Assessment Tools [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Institutes of Health; [cited 2025 Mar 22]. https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/study-quality-assessment-tools

R Core Team (2023) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org/

Sedaghat MR, Momeni-Moghaddam H, Ambrósio R Jr, Roberts CJ, Yekta AA, Danesh Z et al (2018) Long-term evaluation of corneal biomechanical properties after corneal cross-linking for keratoconus: a 4-year longitudinal study. J Refract Surg 34(12):849–856

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Salouti R, Khalili MR, Zamani M, Ghoreyshi M, Nowroozzadeh MH (2019) Assessment of the changes in corneal biomechanical properties after collagen cross-linking in patients with keratoconus. J Curr Ophthalmol 31(3):262–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joco.2019.02.002

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Felter E, Khoramnia R, Friedrich M, Son HS, Auffarth GU, Augustin VA (2024) Biomechanical changes following corneal crosslinking in keratoconus patients. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 262(11):3635–3642. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-024-06549-z. (Epub 2024 Jun 17)

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Steinberg J, Katz T, Mousli A, Fri