Shaw SM, Martino R. The normal swallow: muscular and neurophysiological control. Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2013;46:937–56.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Matsuo K, Palmer JB. Anatomy and physiology of feeding and swallowing: normal and abnormal. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2008;19:691–707. vii.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kahrilas PJ, Logemann JA, Lin S, Ergun GA. Pharyngeal clearance during swallowing: a combined manometric and videofluoroscopic study. Gastroenterology. 1992;103:128–36.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Inamoto Y, Saitoh E, Aihara K, Ito Y, Kagaya H, Shibata S, et al. Effect of the effortful swallow on pharyngeal cavity volume: kinematic analysis in three dimensions using 320-Row area detector computed tomography. Dysphagia. 2023;38:1138–45.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bülow M, Olsson R, Ekberg O. Videomanometric analysis of supraglottic swallow, effortful swallow, and chin tuck in healthy volunteers. Dysphagia. 1999;72:67–72.

Google Scholar 

Doeltgen SH, Ong E, Scholten I, Cock C, Omari T. Biomechanical quantification of Mendelsohn maneuver and effortful swallowing on pharyngoesophageal function. Otolaryngol - Head Neck Surg. 2017;157:816–23.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Felix VN, Corrêa SMA, Soares RJ. A therapeutic maneuver for oropharyngeal dysphagia in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Clinics. 2008;63:661–6.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Molfenter SM, Hsu CY, Lu Y, Lazarus CL. Alterations to swallowing physiology as the result of effortful swallowing in healthy seniors. Dysphagia. 2018;33:380–8.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bahia MM, Lowell SY. A systematic review of the physiological effects of the effortful swallow maneuver in adults with normal and disordered swallowing. Am J Speech-Language Pathol. 2020;29:1655–73.

Google Scholar 

Lazarus C, Logemann J, Song C, Rademaker A, Kahrilas P. Effects of voluntary maneurvers on tongue base function for swallowing. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2002;10016:171–6.

Google Scholar 

Burkhead LM, Sapienza CM, Rosenbek JC. Strength-training exercise in dysphagia rehabilitation: principles, procedures, and directions for future research. Dysphagia. 2007;22:251–65.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

American College of Sports Medicine. Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41:687–708.

Google Scholar 

Kim H, Park JW, Nam K. Effortful swallow with resistive electrical stimulation training improves pharyngeal constriction in patients post-stroke with dysphagia. J Oral Rehabil. 2017;44:763–9.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Slovarp L, King L, Off C, Liss J. A pilot study of the tongue pull-back exercise for improving tongue-base Retraction and two novel methods to add resistance to the tongue pull-back. Dysphagia. 2016;31:416–23.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Archer SK, Smith CH, Newham DJ. Surface electromyographic biofeedback and the effortful swallow exercise for stroke-related dysphagia and in healthy ageing. Dysphagia. 2021;36:281–92.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Galek KE, Bice EM. The influence of surface electromyography visual and clinician verbal feedback on swallow effort ratio at different bolus volumes in a healthy population. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2021;73:449–54.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Clark HM, Shelton N. Training effects of the effortful swallow under three exercise conditions. Dysphagia. 2014;29:553–63.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Oh J-C. Effect of Visual Biofeedback Obtained Using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument on the Suprahyoid Muscle Activation Level During Effortful Swallowing Maneuver. Dysphagia. 2023.

Belafsky PC, Mouadeb DA, Rees CJ, Pryor JC, Postma GN, Allen J, et al. Validity and reliability of the eating assessment tool (EAT-10). Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Laryngol. 2008;117:919–24.

Google Scholar 

Diogo Henrique Constantino Coledam, Rodrigo Dias Caria De Oliveira. Assessment of physical fitness among non-athlete adolescents: effect of familiarization sessions. Balt J Heal Phys Act. 2020;12:47–57.

Google Scholar 

Ng KB, Guiu Hernandez E, Erfmann KLC, Jones RD, Macrae P, Huckabee ML. Effect of volitional effort on submental surface electromyographic activity during healthy swallowing. Dysphagia. 2022;37:297–306.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Beckmann Y, Gurgor N, Cakir A, Arici S, Incesu TK, Secil Y, et al. Electrophysiological evaluation of dysphagia in the mild or moderate patients with multiple sclerosis: a concept of subclinical dysphagia. Dysphagia. 2015;30:296–303.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shaker R, Kern M, Bardan E, Taylor A, Stewart ET, Hoffmann RG, et al. Augmentation of deglutitive upper esophageal sphincter opening in the elderly by exercise. Am J Physiol. 1997;272:G1518–22.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hiramatsu T, Kataoka H, Osaki M, Hagino H. Effect of aging on oral and swallowing function after meal consumption. Clin Interv Aging. 2015;10:229–35.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Clark HM, Solomon NP. Age and sex differences in orofacial strength. Dysphagia. 2012;27:2–9.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Huckabee ML, Steele CM. An analysis of lingual contribution to submental surface electromyographic measures and pharyngeal pressure during effortful swallow. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2006;87:1067–72.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Portney LG, Watkins MP. Foundations of clinical research: applications to practice. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall; 2000.

Google Scholar 

Eckert MA, Keren NI, Roberts DR, Calhoun VD, Harris KC. Age-related changes in processing speed: unique contributions of cerebellar and prefrontal cortex. Front Hum Neurosci. 2010;4:10.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Löckenhoff CE. Age, time, and decision making: from processing speed to global time horizons. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011;1235:44–56.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

IOPI user manual [Internet]. IOPI Med. Available from: https://iopimedical.com/medical-professionals/

Nicosia MA, Hind JA, Roecker EB, Carnes M, Doyle J, Dengel GA, et al. Age effects on the Temporal evolution of isometric and swallowing pressure. J Gerontol Biol Sci Med Sci. 2000;55:M634–40.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Robbins JA, Humpal NS, Banaszynski K, Hind J, Rogus-Pulia N. Age-Related differences in pressures generated during isometric presses and swallows by healthy adults. Dysphagia. 2016;31:90–6.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fei T, Polacco RC, Hori SE, Molfenter SM, Peladeau-Pigeon M, Tsang C, et al. Age-related differences in tongue-palate pressures for strength and swallowing tasks. Dysphagia. 2013;28:575–81.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Konard P. The ABC of EMG: A practical introduction to Kinesiological electromyography. Noraxon Inc. Scottsdale, AZ, USA; 2005.

Palmer PM, Jaffe DM, McCulloch TM, Finnegan EM, Van Daele DJ, Luschei ES. Quantitative contributions of the muscles of the tongue, floor-of-mouth, jaw, and velum to tongue-to-palate pressure generation. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2008;51:828–35.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yoshida M, Groher ME, Crary MA, Mann GC, Akagawa Y. Comparison of surface electromyographic (sEMG) activity of submental muscles between the head lift and tongue press exercises as a therapeutic exercise for pharyngeal dysphagia. Gerodontology. 2007;24:111–6.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Park T, Kim Y. Effects of tongue pressing effortful swallow in older healthy individuals. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2016;66:127–33.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Oh JC. Effects of effortful swallowing exercise with progressive anterior tongue press using Iowa oral performance instrument (IOPI) on the strength of swallowing-related muscles in the elderly: a preliminary study. Dysphagia. 2022;37:158–67.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pearson WGJ, Langmore SE, Zumwalt AC. Evaluating the structural properties of suprahyoid muscles and their potential for moving the hyoid. Dysphagia. 2011;26:345–51.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cobos AR, Segade LA, Fuentes I. Muscle fibre types in the suprahyoid muscles of the rat. J Anat. 2001;198:283–94.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Solomon NP. What is orofacial fatigue and how does it affect function for swallowing and speech? Semin Speech Lang. 2006;27:268–82.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Moinuddin A, Goel A, Sethi Y. The role of augmented feedback on motor learning: A systematic review. Cureus. 2021;13:e19695.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Langmore SE, Pisegna JM. Efficacy of exercises to rehabilitate dysphagia: A critique of the literature. Int J Speech Lang Pathol. 2015;17:1–8.

Google Scholar