Gun Violence on Walkable Routes to and from School: Recommendations for Policy and Practice

Heron MP. Deaths: leading causes for 2018. 2021. Available from: https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/104186. Accessed 20 Oct 2023

National Center for Health Statistics (US),  National Vital Statistics System (US). National vital statistics reports. In: US Department of Health & Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics (Vol. 68); 2018

Mair JS, Mair M. Violence Prevention and control through environmental modifications. Annu Rev Public Health. 2003;24:209–25.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Braga AA, Papachristos AV, Hureau DM. The concentration and stability of gun violence at micro places in Boston, 1980–2008. J Quant Criminol. 2010;26:33–53.

Article  Google Scholar 

King S, Bracy NL. School security in the post-columbine era: trends, consequences, and future directions. J Contemp Crim Justice. 2019;35:274–95.

Article  Google Scholar 

Garbarino J, Bradshaw CP, Vorrasi JA. Mitigating the effects of gun violence on children and youth. Future Child. 2002;12:73–85.

Article  Google Scholar 

CHDS school shooting safety compendium. CHDS Sch. Shoot. Saf. Compend. 2023. Available from: https://www.chds.us/sssc/. Accessed 22 May 2023

U. S. Government Accountability Office. K-12 education: characteristics of school shootings | U.S. GAO. 2020. Available from: https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-20-455. Accessed 27 Mar 2023

Barboza G. A secondary spatial analysis of gun violence near Boston schools: a public health approach. J Urban Health. 2018;95:344–60.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Browning CR, Soller B. Moving beyond neighborhood: activity spaces and ecological networks as contexts for youth development. Cityscape. 2014;16:165–96.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Daignault IV, Hébert M. Profiles of school adaptation: social, behavioral and academic functioning in sexually abused girls. Child Abuse Negl. 2009;33:102–15.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fantuzzo JW, Perlman SM, Dobbins EK. Types and timing of child maltreatment and early school success: a population-based investigation. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2011;33:1404–11.

Article  Google Scholar 

Sharkey P, Schwartz AE, Ellen IG, Lacoe J. High stakes in the classroom, high stakes on the street: the effects of community violence on student’s standardized test performance. Technol Pessimism Postmodernism. 2014;1:199–220.

Google Scholar 

Mayer MJ, Leone PE. School violence and disruption revisited: equity and safety in the school house. Focus Except Child. 2007;40:1–28.

Article  Google Scholar 

Bowen NK, Bowen GL. Effects of crime and violence in neighborhoods and schools on the school behavior and performance of adolescents. J Adolesc Res. 1999;14:319–42.

Article  Google Scholar 

Beardslee J, Mulvey E, Schubert C, Allison P, Infante A, Pardini D. Gun-and non-gun–related violence exposure and risk for subsequent gun carrying among male juvenile offenders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2018;57:274–9.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sheley J, Mcgee Z, Wright J. Gun-related violence in and around inner-city schools. Am J Dis Child. 1960;1992(146):677–82.

Google Scholar 

Calvete E, Orue I. Social information processing as a mediator between cognitive schemas and aggressive behavior in adolescents. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2012;40:105–17.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

LaGrange TC. The impact of neighborhoods, schools, and malls on the spatial distribution of property damage. J Res Crime Delinquency. 1999;36:393–422.

Article  Google Scholar 

Roncek DW, Faggiani D. High schools and crime: a replication. Sociol Q. 1985;26:491–505.

Article  Google Scholar 

Xu J, Griffiths E. Shooting on the street: measuring the spatial influence of physical features on gun violence in a bounded street network. J Quant Criminol. 2017;33:237–53.

Article  Google Scholar 

National Center for Education Statistics. National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) Home Page, part of the U.S. Department of Education. National Center for Education Statistics; 2022. Available from: https://nces.ed.gov/. Accessed 22 Mar 2023

Crime/Law Enforcement Stats (UCR Program). Fed. Bur. Investig. 2023. Available from: https://www.fbi.gov/how-we-can-help-you/more-fbi-services-and-information/ucr. Accessed 29 Sept 2023

Hagberg A,  Conway D. Networkx: Network analysis with python. 2020. https://networkx.github.io

Boeing G. OSMnx: New methods for acquiring, constructing, analyzing, and visualizing complex street networks. Comput Environ Urban Syst. 2017;65:126–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2017.05.004

Gillies S. The shapely user manual. 2013. https://pypi.org/project/Shapely

Gaboardi J, Rey S,  Lumnitz, S. Spaghetti: spatial network analysis in PySAL. J Open Source Softw. 2021;6(62)

Gaboardi JD, Laura J, Rey S, Wolf LJ, Folch DC, Kang W, et al. pysal/spaghetti. 2018. Available from: https://github.com/pysal/spaghetti

Berman M, Diggle P. Estimating weighted integrals of the second-order intensity of a spatial point process. J R Stat Soc Ser B Methodol. 1989;51:81–92.

Briz-Redón Á, Martínez-Ruiz F, Montes F. DRHotNet: An R package for detecting differential risk hotspots on a linear network. arXiv; 2019. Available from: http://arxiv.org/abs/1911.07827. Accessed 17 Sep 2023

Okabe A, Sugihara K. Spatial analysis along networks: statistical and computational methods. New York, NY: Wiley; 2012.

Book  Google Scholar 

O’sullivan D, Unwin D. Geographic information analysis. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley; 2003.

Google Scholar 

Kent J, Wheeler A. What can built environment and health professionals learn from crime prevention in planning? Introducing ‘HPTED.’ Urban Policy Res. 2016;34:39–54.

Article  Google Scholar 

Public counsel on X. X Former. Twitter. 2023. Available from: https://twitter.com/PublicCounsel/status/1443772688690941965. Accessed 29 Sept 2023

Guide to disability rights laws. ADA.gov. 2023. Available from: https://www.ada.gov/resources/disability-rights-guide/. Accessed 21 Oct 2023

U.S. Census Bureau. (2020). Selected population characteristics, 2020 American Community Survey 5-year estimates. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/newtowntownwesternconnecticutplanningregionconnecticut. Accessed 3 Sept 2023

New sandy hook school is ready nearly 4 years after massacre - the New York Times. Available from: https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/30/nyregion/new-sandy-hook-school-is-ready-nearly-4-years-after-massacre.html. Accessed 21 Oct 2023

A deadly year for the city of Compton : NPR. 2023. Available from: https://www.npr.org/2005/08/17/4804296/a-deadly-year-for-the-city-of-compton. Accessed 29 Sept 2023

Violence stuns Compton, Los Angeles. 2023. Available from: https://spectrumnews1.com/ca/la-west/public-safety/2021/01/30/-i-feel-safer-in-prison-than-on-the-streets---violence-stuns-compton. Accessed 29 Sept 2023

Borum R, Cornell DG, Modzeleski W, Jimerson S. What can be done about school shootings? A review of the evidence. Educ Res. 2010;39:27–37.

Article  Google Scholar 

Barboza-Salerno. Linking Adminstrative Data for Gun Violence Prevention. Columbus Ohio. 2023

Trent M. Can we put our hoodies on and get to work? J Adolesc Health. 2019;65:161–4.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rouhezamin MR, Paydar S, Hasirbaf M, Bolandparvaz S, Abbasi HR. The spatiotemporal pattern of trauma in victims of violence visited in Emergency Room of Rajaei Hospital, Shiraz. Iran Bull Emerg Trauma. 2013;1:141–6.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Delgado M. Urban youth trauma: Using community intervention to overcome gun violence. Rowman & Littlefield. 2019

National Center for Safe Routes to School - Google Search. Accessed September 29, 2023. https://www.saferoutesinfo.org/

Comments (0)

No login
gif