Kyu HH, Bachman VF, Alexander LT, Mumford JE, Afshin A, Estep K, Veerman JL, Delwiche K, Iannarone ML, Moyer ML, Cercy K, Vos T, Murray CJ, Forouzanfar MH. Physical activity and risk of breast cancer, colon cancer, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and ischemic stroke events: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. BMJ. 2016;354:i3857. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i3857.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet Glob Health. 2018;6(10):e1077–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sallis JF, Floyd MF, Rodríguez DA, Saelens BE. The role of built environments physical activity, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2012;125(5):729–37. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.969022.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Taylor L, Hochuli DF. Defining greenspace: multiple uses across multiple disciplines. Landsc Urban Plan. 2017;158:25–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.09.024.

Article  Google Scholar 

WHO Regional Office for Europe. Urban green spaces and health. [Internet]. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe; 2016. Available from: https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/345751. Accessed 28 Feb 2024.

Markevych I, Schoierer J, Hartig T, Chudnovsky A, Hystad P, Dzhambov AM, de Vries S, Triguero-Mas M, Brauer M, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Lupp G, Richardson EA, Astell-Burt T, Dimitrova D, Feng X, Sadeh M, Standl M, Heinrich J, Fuertes E. Exploring pathways linking greenspace to health: theoretical and methodological guidance. Environ Res. 2017;158:301–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2017.06.028.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Xie B, Lu Y, Wu L, An Z. Dose-response effect of a large-scale greenway intervention on physical activities: the first natural experimental study in China. Health Place. 2021;67:102502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102502.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sugiyama T, Giles-Corti B, Summers J, du Toit L, Leslie E, Owen N. Initiating and maintaining recreational walking: a longitudinal study on the influence of neighborhood green space. Prev Med. 2013;57(3):178–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.05.015.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Faerstein E, da Silveira IH, Boclin KL, Curioni CC, de Castro IR, Junger WL. Associations of neighborhood socioeconomic, natural and built environmental characteristics with a 13-year trajectory of non-work physical activity among civil servants in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: the Pro-Saude Study. Health Place. 2018;53:110–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2018.07.014.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sugiyama T. The built environment and physical activity behaviour change: new directions for research? Res Exerc Epidemiol. 2012;14(2):118–24. https://doi.org/10.24804/ree.14.118.

Article  Google Scholar 

Zhang R, Wulff H, Duan Y, Wagner P. Associations between the physical environment and park-based physical activity: a systematic review. J Sport Health Sci. 2019;8(5):412–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2018.11.002.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Moran MR, Bilal U, Dronova I, Ju Y, Gouveia N, Caiaffa WT, et al. The equigenic effect of greenness on the association between education with life expectancy and mortality in 28 large Latin American cities. Health Place. 2021;72:102703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102703.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dantas JG, de Micheli D. The favela where I live: the territory from the perspective of young people. Cienc Saude Colet. 2021;26(7):2769–82. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232021267.07552021.

Article  Google Scholar 

Lapham SC, Cohen DA, Williamson S, Han B, Evenson KR, McKenzie TL, Hillier A, Ward P. How important is perception of safety to park use? A four-city survey. Urban Stud. 2016;53(12):2624–36. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098015592822.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Suglia SF, Shelton RC, Hsiao A, Wang YC, Rundle A, Link BG. Why the neighborhood social environment is critical in obesity prevention. J Urban Health. 2016;93(1):206–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-015-0017-6.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pinto IV, Bevilacqua PD, Ribeiro AP, dos Santos AP, Bernal RT, Malta DC. Aggressions in urgency and emergency care in Brazilian capitals: Perspectives of 2011, 2014 and 2017 VIVA survey. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2020;23(supl.1):E200009. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720200009.supl.1.

Article  Google Scholar 

Rigolon A, Browning MH, McAnirlin O, Yoon HV. Green space and health equity: a systematic review on the potential of green space to reduce health disparities. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(5):2563. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052563.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mitchell, R. What is Equigenesis and how might it help narrow health inequalities? [Internet]. Centre for Research on Environment Society and Health (CRESH); 2013. Available from: https://cresh.org.uk/2013/11/08/what-is-equigenesis-and-how-might-it-help-narrow-health-inequalities/. Accessed 28 Feb 2024.

Ganzleben C, Kazmierczak A. Leaving no one behind - understanding environmental inequality in Europe. Environ Health. 2020;19:57. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-020-00600-2.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Andersen OK, Gebremariam MK, Kolle E, Tarp J. Socioeconomic position, built environment and physical activity among children and adolescents: a systematic review of mediating and moderating effects. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2022;19(1):149. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-022-01385-y.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Schüle SA, Bolte G. Interactive and independent associations between the socioeconomic and objective built environment on the neighbourhood level and individual health: a systematic review of multilevel studies. PLoS One. 2015;10(4): e0123456. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123456.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Geneshka M, Coventry P, Cruz J, Gilbody S. Relationship between green and blue spaces with mental and physical health: a systematic review of longitudinal observational studies. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(17):9010. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179010.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Boing AF, Boing AC, Subramanian SV. Inequalities in the access to healthy urban structure and housing: an analysis of the Brazilian census data. Cad Saude Publica. 2021;37(6):e00233119. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00233119.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Aquino EM, Barreto SM, Bensenor IM, Carvalho MS, Chor D, Duncan BB, Lotufo PA, Mill JG, Molina MC, Mota ELA, Passos VM, Schmidt MI, Szklo M. Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil): objectives and design. Am J Epidemiol. 2012;175(4):315–24. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwr294.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ekkel ED, de Vries S. Nearby green space and human health: evaluating accessibility Metrics. Landsc Urban Plan. 2017;157:214–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.06.008.

Article  Google Scholar 

Célio FA, Xavier CC, Andrade ACS, Camargos VP, Caiaffa WT, Friche AAL, Cortês MG, Proietti FA. Individual characteristics associated with perception of the local neighborhood’s territory. Cad Saude Publica. 2014;30(9):1935–46. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00176112.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brazilian Ministry of the Environment. RapidEye satellite imagery catalog from the Brazilian Ministry of Environment [Internet]. Brazilian Ministry of the Environment; 2023. Available from: http://geocatalogo.mma.gov.br/. Accessed 28 Feb 2024.

Iyer HS, James P, Valeri L, Hart JE, Pernar CH, Mucci LA, Holmes MD, Laden F, Rebbeck TR. The association between neighborhood greenness and incidence of lethal prostate cancer: a prospective cohort study. Environ Epidemiol. 2020;4(2):e091. https://doi.org/10.1097/EE9.0000000000000091.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kim Y, Park I, Kang M. Convergent validity of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ): meta-analysis. Public Health Nutr. 2013;16(3):440–52. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980012002996.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Population and Household Characteristics: Results of the Universe by Census Tracts [Internet]. Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics; 2011. Available from: https://censo2010.ibge.gov.br/. Accessed 28 Feb 2024.

Santos SM, Griep RH, Cardoso LO, Alves MG, Fonseca MJ, Giatti L, Chor D. Cross-cultural adaptation and reliability of measurements on self-reported neighborhood characteristics in ELSA-Brasil. Rev Saude Publica. 2013;47(Suppl 2):122–30. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0034-8910.2013047003871.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Twisk JWR. Applied Multilevel Analysis: a Practical Guide for Medical Researchers. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press; 2006. p. 182.

Book