Ng M, Fleming T, Robinson M, Thomson B, Graetz N, Margono C, Mullany EC, Biryukov S, Abbafati C, Abera SF, et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2014;384(9945):766–81.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Bluher M. Adipose tissue inflammation: a cause or consequence of obesity-related insulin resistance. Clin Sci (London, England : 1979). 2016;130(18):1603–14.
Fontaine KR, Redden DT, Wang C, Westfall AO, Allison DB. Years of life lost due to obesity. JAMA. 2003;289(2):187–93.
World Obesity Atlas 2023. https://www.worldobesityday.org/resources/entry/world-obesity-atlas-2023.
Katzmarzyk PT, Perusse L, Rao DC, Bouchard C. Familial risk of overweight and obesity in the Canadian population using the WHO/NIH criteria. Obes Res. 2000;8(2):194–7.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Koeppen-Schomerus G, Wardle J, Plomin R. A genetic analysis of weight and overweight in 4-year-old twin pairs. International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity. 2001;25(6):838–44.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Pietilainen KH, Kaprio J, Rissanen A, Winter T, Rimpela A, Viken RJ, Rose RJ. Distribution and heritability of BMI in Finnish adolescents aged 16y and 17y: a study of 4884 twins and 2509 singletons. International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders : journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity. 1999;23(2):107–15.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Allison DB, Kaprio J, Korkeila M, Koskenvuo M, Neale MC, Hayakawa K. The heritability of body mass index among an international sample of monozygotic twins reared apart. International journal of obesity and related metabolic disorders. J Int Assoc Study Obes. 1996;20(6):501–6.
Feinleib M, Garrison RJ, Fabsitz R, Christian JC, Hrubec Z, Borhani NO, Kannel WB, Rosenman R, Schwartz JT, Wagner JO. The NHLBI twin study of cardiovascular disease risk factors: methodology and summary of results. Am J Epidemiol. 1977;106(4):284–5.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Stunkard AJ, Foch TT, Hrubec Z. A twin study of human obesity. JAMA. 1986;256(1):51–4.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Stunkard AJ, Harris JR, Pedersen NL, McClearn GE. The body-mass index of twins who have been reared apart. N Engl J Med. 1990;322(21):1483–7.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Stunkard AJ, Sorensen TI, Hanis C, Teasdale TW, Chakraborty R, Schull WJ, Schulsinger F. An adoption study of human obesity. N Engl J Med. 1986;314(4):193–8.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Locke AE, Kahali B, Berndt SI, Justice AE, Pers TH, Day FR, Powell C, Vedantam S, Buchkovich ML, Yang J, et al. Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology. Nature. 2015;518(7538):197–206.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Shungin D, Winkler TW, Croteau-Chonka DC, Ferreira T, Locke AE, Mägi R, Strawbridge RJ, Pers TH, Fischer K, Justice AE, et al. New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution. Nature. 2015;518(7538):187–96.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Yengo L, Sidorenko J, Kemper KE, Zheng Z, Wood AR, Weedon MN, Frayling TM, Hirschhorn J, Yang J, Visscher PM. Meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for height and body mass index in ∼700000 individuals of European ancestry. Hum Mol Genet. 2018;27(20):3641–9.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Claussnitzer M, Dankel SN, Kim KH, Quon G, Meuleman W, Haugen C, Glunk V, Sousa IS, Beaudry JL, Puviindran V, et al. FTO obesity variant circuitry and adipocyte browning in humans. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(10):895–907.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Glunk V, Laber S, Sinnott-Armstrong N, Sobreira DR, Strobel SM, Batista TM, Kubitz P, Moud BN, Ebert H, Huang Y, et al. A non-coding variant linked to metabolic obesity with normal weight affects actin remodelling in subcutaneous adipocytes. Nat Metab. 2023;5(5):861–79.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Battram T, Yousefi P, Crawford G, Prince C, Sheikhali Babaei M, Sharp G, Hatcher C, Vega-Salas MJ, Khodabakhsh S, Whitehurst O, et al. The EWAS Catalog: a database of epigenome-wide association studies. Wellcome Open Res. 2022;7:41.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
• Sun D, Zhang T, Su S, Hao G, Chen T, Li QZ, Bazzano L, He J, Wang X, Li S, et al. Body mass index drives changes in DNA methylation: a longitudinal study. Circ Res. 2019;125(9):824–33. The study perform ethnicity-specific EWASs and suggests that change in DNA methylation follow rather than precede obesity.
Wahl S, Drong A, Lehne B, Loh M, Scott WR, Kunze S, Tsai PC, Ried JS, Zhang W, Yang Y, et al. Epigenome-wide association study of body mass index, and the adverse outcomes of adiposity. Nature. 2017;541(7635):81–6.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Salum KCR, Rolando JM, Zembrzuski VM, Carneiro JRI, Mello CB, Maya-Monteiro CM, Bozza PT, Kohlrausch FB, da Fonseca ACP. When leptin is not there: a review of what nonsyndromic monogenic obesity cases tell us and the benefits of exogenous leptin. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:722441.
Meyre D, Lecoeur C, Delplanque J, Francke S, Vatin V, Durand E, Weill J, Dina C, Froguel P. A genome-wide scan for childhood obesity-associated traits in French families shows significant linkage on chromosome 6q22.31-q23.2. Diabetes. 2004;53(3):803–11.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Böttcher Y, Körner A, Reinehr T, Enigk B, Kiess W, Stumvoll M, Kovacs P. ENPP1 variants and haplotypes predispose to early onset obesity and impaired glucose and insulin metabolism in German obese children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91(12):4948–52.
Meyre D, Bouatia-Naji N, Tounian A, Samson C, Lecoeur C, Vatin V, Ghoussaini M, Wachter C, Hercberg S, Charpentier G, et al. Variants of ENPP1 are associated with childhood and adult obesity and increase the risk of glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes. Nat Genet. 2005;37(8):863–7.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Wang R, Zhou D, Xi B, Ge X, Zhu P, Wang B, Zhou M, Huang Y, Liu J, Yu Y, et al. ENPP1/PC-1 gene K121Q polymorphism is associated with obesity in European adult populations: evidence from a meta-analysis involving 24,324 subjects. Biomed Environ Sci. 2011;24(2):200–6.
Dina C, Meyre D, Gallina S, Durand E, Körner A, Jacobson P, Carlsson LM, Kiess W, Vatin V, Lecoeur C, et al. Variation in FTO contributes to childhood obesity and severe adult obesity. Nat Genet. 2007;39(6):724–6.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Frayling TM, Timpson NJ, Weedon MN, Zeggini E, Freathy RM, Lindgren CM, Perry JR, Elliott KS, Lango H, Rayner NW, et al. A common variant in the FTO gene is associated with body mass index and predisposes to childhood and adult obesity. Science. 2007;316(5826):889–94.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Akiyama M, Okada Y, Kanai M, Takahashi A, Momozawa Y, Ikeda M, Iwata N, Ikegawa S, Hirata M, Matsuda K, et al. Genome-wide association study identifies 112 new loci for body mass index in the Japanese population. Nat Genet. 2017;49(10):1458–67.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Buniello A, MacArthur JAL, Cerezo M, Harris LW, Hayhurst J, Malangone C, McMahon A, Morales J, Mountjoy E, Sollis E, et al. The NHGRI-EBI GWAS Catalog of published genome-wide association studies, targeted arrays and summary statistics 2019. Nucleic Acids Res. 2019;47(D1):D1005-d1012.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Wojcik GL, Graff M, Nishimura KK, Tao R, Haessler J, Gignoux CR, Highland HM, Patel YM, Sorokin EP, Avery CL, et al. Genetic analyses of diverse populations improves discovery for complex traits. Nature. 2019;570(7762):514–8.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ng MCY, Graff M, Lu Y, Justice AE, Mudgal P, Liu CT, Young K, Yanek LR, Feitosa MF, Wojczynski MK, et al. Discovery and fine-mapping of adiposity loci using high density imputation of genome-wide association studies in individuals of African ancestry: African Ancestry Anthropometry Genetics Consortium. PLoS Genet. 2017;13(4): e1006719.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Grarup N, Moltke I, Andersen MK, Dalby M, Vitting-Seerup K, Kern T, Mahendran Y, Jørsboe E, Larsen CVL, Dahl-Petersen IK, et al. Loss-of-function variants in ADCY3 increase risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Nat Genet. 2018;50(2):172–4.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Saeed S, Bonnefond A, Tamanini F, Mirza MU, Manzoor J, Janjua QM, Din SM, Gaitan J, Milochau A, Durand E, et al. Loss-of-function mutations in ADCY3 cause monogenic severe obesity. Nat Genet. 2018;50(2):175–9.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Siljee JE, Wang Y, Bernard AA, Ersoy BA, Zhang S, Marley A, Von Zastrow M, Reiter JF, Vaisse C. Subcellular localization of MC4R with ADCY3 at neuronal primary cilia underlies a common pathway for genetic predisposition to obesity. Nat Genet. 2018;50(2):180–5.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Boender AJ, van Rozen AJ, Adan RA. Nutritional state affects the expression of the obesity-associated genes Etv5, Faim2, Fto, and Negr1. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2012;20(12):2420–5.
Comments (0)