Thompson AJ, Baranzini SE, Geurts J, et al. Multiple sclerosis. Lancet. 2018;391:1622–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30481-1.
Strijbis EMM, Kerbrat A, Corboy JR. Discontinuation of disease-modifying therapy in multiple sclerosis: should we stay or should we go? JAMA Neurol. 2021;78:787. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.0764.
Prosperini L, Lucchini M, Ruggieri S, et al. Shift of multiple sclerosis onset towards older age. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2022-329049.
Michelis D, Brunetti N, Solaro C, et al. Aging with multiple sclerosis: clinical characterization of an elderly population, a cross-sectional study. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2023;69: 104464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2022.104464.
Jakimovski D, Eckert SP, Zivadinov R, Weinstock-Guttman B. Considering patient age when treating multiple sclerosis across the adult lifespan. Expert Rev Neurother. 2021;21:353–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/14737175.2021.1886082.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Weideman AM, Tapia-Maltos MA, Johnson K, et al. Meta-analysis of the age-dependent efficacy of multiple sclerosis treatments. Front Neurol. 2017;8:577. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2017.00577.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Grebenciucova E, Berger JR. Immunosenescence: the role of aging in the predisposition to neuro-infectious complications arising from the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2017;17:61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-017-0771-9.
Prosperini L, Haggiag S, Tortorella C, et al. Age-related adverse events of disease-modifying treatments for multiple sclerosis: a meta-regression. Mult Scler. 2021;27:1391–402. https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458520964778.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Jakimovski D, Vaughn CB, Eckert S, et al. Long-term drug treatment in multiple sclerosis: safety success and concerns. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2020;19:1121–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/14740338.2020.1805430.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Devonshire V, Lapierre Y, Macdonell R, et al. The Global Adherence Project (GAP): a multicenter observational study on adherence to disease-modifying therapies in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol. 2011;18:69–77. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2010.03110.x.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Hartung H-P, Meuth SG, Miller DM, Comi G. Stopping disease-modifying therapy in relapsing and progressive multiple sclerosis. Curr Opin Neurol. 2021;34:598–603. https://doi.org/10.1097/WCO.0000000000000960.
Prosperini L, Kinkel RP, Miravalle AA, et al. Post-natalizumab disease reactivation in multiple sclerosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2019;12:1756286419837809. https://doi.org/10.1177/1756286419837809.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71.
O’Sullivan D, Wilk S, Michalowski W, Farion K. Using PICO to align medical evidence with MDs decision making models. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2013;192:1057.
Stang A. Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses. Eur J Epidemiol. 2010;25:603–5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-010-9491-z.
Borenstein M, Hedges LV, Higgins JPT, Rothstein HR. A basic introduction to fixed-effect and random-effects models for meta-analysis. Res Synth Methods. 2010;1:97–111. https://doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.12.
Higgins JPT, Thompson SG. Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Stat Med. 2002;21:1539–58. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.1186.
Berkovich R. Clinical and MRI outcomes after stopping or switching disease-modifying therapy in stable MS patients: a case series report. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2017;17:123–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2017.07.007.
Birnbaum G. Stopping disease-modifying therapy in nonrelapsing multiple sclerosis. Int J MS Care. 2017;19:11–4. https://doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073.2015-032.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Bonenfant J, Bajeux E, Deburghgraeve V, et al. Can we stop immunomodulatory treatments in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis? Eur J Neurol. 2017;24:237–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.13181.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Bsteh G, Hegen H, Riedl K, et al. Quantifying the risk of disease reactivation after interferon and glatiramer acetate discontinuation in multiple sclerosis: the VIAADISC score. Eur J Neurol. 2021;28:1609–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.14705.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Chappuis M, Rousseau C, Bajeux E, et al. Discontinuation of second- versus first-line disease-modifying treatment in middle-aged patients with multiple sclerosis. J Neurol. 2023;270:413–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-022-11341-2.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Coerver EME, Bourass A, Wessels MHJ, et al. Discontinuation of first-line disease-modifying therapy in relapse onset multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2023;74: 104706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2023.104706.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Olival GS, Cavenaghi VB, Serafim V, et al. Medication withdrawal may be an option for a select group of patients in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2013;71:516–20. https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-282X20130081.
Fagius J, Feresiadou A, Larsson E-M, Burman J. Discontinuation of disease modifying treatments in middle aged multiple sclerosis patients: first line drugs vs natalizumab. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2017;12:82–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2017.01.009.
Hua LH, Fan TH, Conway D, et al. Discontinuation of disease-modifying therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis over age 60. Mult Scler. 2019;25:699–708. https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458518765656.
Jakimovski D, Kavak KS, Vaughn CB, et al. Discontinuation of disease modifying therapies is associated with disability progression regardless of prior stable disease and age. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2022;57: 103406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2021.103406.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Kaminsky A-L, Omorou AY, Soudant M, et al. Discontinuation of disease-modifying treatments for multiple sclerosis in patients aged over 50 with disease inactivity. J Neurol. 2020;267:3518–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-020-10029-9.
Kister I, Spelman T, Alroughani R, et al. Discontinuing disease-modifying therapy in MS after a prolonged relapse-free period: a propensity score-matched study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2016;87:1133–7. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2016-313760.
Landi D, Signori A, Cellerino M, et al. What happens after fingolimod discontinuation? A multicentre real-life experience. J Neurol. 2022;269:796–804. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-021-10658-8.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Lus G, Signoriello E, Maniscalco GT, et al. Treatment withdrawal in relapsing−remitting multiple sclerosis: a retrospective cohort study. Eur J Neurol. 2016;23:489–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.12790.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
McFaul D, Hakopian NN, Smith JB, et al. Defining benign/burnt-out MS and discontinuing disease-modifying therapies. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflammation. 2021;8: e960. https://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000000960.
Monschein T, Salhofer-Polanyi S, Altmann P, et al. Should I stop or should I go on? Disease modifying therapy after the first clinical episode of multiple sclerosis. J Neurol. 2021;268:1247–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-020-10074-4.
Pasca M, Forci B, Mariottini A, et al. Sustained disease remission after discontinuation of disease modifying treatments in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2021;47: 102591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2020.102591.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Salavisa M, Serrazina F, Ladeira AF, Correia AS. Discontinuation of disease-modifying therapy in MS patients over 60 years old and its impact on relapse rate and disease progression. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2023;225: 107612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.107612.
Siger M, Durko A, Nicpan A, et al. Discontinuation of interferon beta therapy in multiple sclerosis patients with high pre-treatment disease activity leads to prompt return to previous disease activity. J Neurol Sci. 2011;303:50–2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2011.01.016.
Comments (0)