Fahed G, Aoun L, Bou Zerdan M, Allam S, Bou Zerdan M, Bouferraa Y, Assi HI. Metabolic syndrome: updates on pathophysiology and management in 2021. Int J Mol Sci. 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23020786.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Saklayen MG. The global epidemic of the metabolic syndrome. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2018;20(2):12.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Bentley-Lewis R, Koruda K, Seely EW. The metabolic syndrome in women. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 2007;3(10):696–704.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Afshin A, Forouzanfar MH, Reitsma MB, Sur P, Estep K, Lee A, Marczak L, Mokdad AH, Moradi-Lakeh M, Naghavi M, et al. Health effects of overweight and obesity in 195 Countries over 25 years. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(1):13–27.
Ranasinghe P, Mathangasinghe Y, Jayawardena R, Hills AP, Misra A. Prevalence and trends of metabolic syndrome among adults in the Asia-Pacific region: a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2017;17(1):101.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Xi B, He D, Hu Y, Zhou D. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its influencing factors among the Chinese adults: the China Health and Nutrition Survey in 2009. Prev Med. 2013;57(6):867–71.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Yao F, Bo Y, Zhao L, Li Y, Ju L, Fang H, Piao W, Yu D, Lao X. Prevalence and influencing factors of metabolic syndrome among Adults in China from 2015 to 2017. Nutrients. 2021. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124475.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Liu B, Chen G, Zhao R, Huang D, Tao L. Temporal trends in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among middle-aged and elderly adults from 2011 to 2015 in China: the China health and retirement longitudinal study (CHARLS). BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):1045.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Krishnamoorthy Y, Rajaa S, Murali S, Rehman T, Sahoo J, Kar SS. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adult population in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(10): e0240971.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Aoki R, Saito T, Ninomiya K, Shimasaki A, Ashizawa T, Ito K, Ikeda M, Iwata N. Shared genetic components between metabolic syndrome and schizophrenia: genetic correlation using multipopulation data sets. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2022;76(8):361–6.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
McCutcheon RA, Reis Marques T, Howes OD. Schizophrenia-an overview. JAMA Psychiat. 2020;77(2):201–10.
Saha S, Chant D, Welham J, McGrath J. A systematic review of the prevalence of schizophrenia. PLoS Med. 2005;2(5): e141.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Chesney E, Goodwin GM, Fazel S. Risks of all-cause and suicide mortality in mental disorders: a meta-review. World Psychiatry. 2014;13(2):153–60.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Laursen TM, Nordentoft M, Mortensen PB. Excess early mortality in schizophrenia. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2014;10:425–48.
Laursen TM. Causes of premature mortality in schizophrenia: a review of literature published in 2018. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2019;32(5):388–93.
Piotrowski P, Gondek TM, Królicka-Deręgowska A, Misiak B, Adamowski T, Kiejna A. Causes of mortality in schizophrenia: an updated review of European studies. Psychiatr Danub. 2017;29(2):108–20.
Chang SC, Goh KK, Lu ML. Metabolic disturbances associated with antipsychotic drug treatment in patients with schizophrenia: State-of-the-art and future perspectives. World J Psychiatry. 2021;11(10):696–710.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Mazereel V, Detraux J, Vancampfort D, van Winkel R, De Hert M. Impact of psychotropic medication effects on obesity and the metabolic syndrome in people with serious mental illness. Front Endocrinol. 2020;11: 573479.
Molina JD, Avila S, Rubio G, López-Muñoz F. Metabolomic connections between Schizophrenia, antipsychotic drugs and metabolic syndrome: a variety of players. Curr Pharm Des. 2021;27(39):4049–61.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Mitchell AJ, Vancampfort D, Sweers K, van Winkel R, Yu W, De Hert M. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and metabolic abnormalities in schizophrenia and related disorders–a systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Bull. 2013;39(2):306–18.
Thakore JH. Metabolic disturbance in first-episode schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry Suppl. 2004;47:S76-79.
Dasgupta A, Singh OP, Rout JK, Saha T, Mandal S. Insulin resistance and metabolic profile in antipsychotic naïve schizophrenia patients. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2010;34(7):1202–7.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Wu X, Huang Z, Wu R, Zhong Z, Wei Q, Wang H, Diao F, Wang J, Zheng L, Zhao J, et al. The comparison of glycometabolism parameters and lipid profiles between drug-naïve, first-episode schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. Schizophr Res. 2013;150(1):157–62.
Liang J, Cai Y, Xue X, Li X, Li Z, Xu C, Xie G, Yu Y. Does schizophrenia itself cause obesity? Front Psychiatry. 2022;13: 934384.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Chen DC, Du XD, Yin GZ, Yang KB, Nie Y, Wang N, Li YL, Xiu MH, He SC, Yang FD, et al. Impaired glucose tolerance in first-episode drug-naïve patients with schizophrenia: relationships with clinical phenotypes and cognitive deficits. Psychol Med. 2016;46(15):3219–30.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Brzezinski-Sinai NA, Seeman MV. Women and schizophrenia: planning for the future. Future Neurol. 2017;12(2):89–99.
Cotton SM, Lambert M, Schimmelmann BG, Foley DL, Morley KI, McGorry PD, Conus P. Gender differences in premorbid, entry, treatment, and outcome characteristics in a treated epidemiological sample of 661 patients with first episode psychosis. Schizophr Res. 2009;114(1–3):17–24.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Haro JM, Ciudad A, Alonso J, Bousoño M, Suárez D, Novick D, Gilaberte I. Remission and relapse in the outpatient treatment of patients with schizophrenia. Outcomes at 3 years. Actas Esp Psiquiatr. 2008;36(4):187–96.
Morgan VA, Castle DJ, Jablensky AV. Do women express and experience psychosis differently from men? Epidemiological evidence from the Australian National Study of Low Prevalence (Psychotic) Disorders. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2008;42(1):74–82.
Chen S, Broqueres-You D, Yang G, Wang Z, Li Y, Yang F, Tan Y. Male sex may be associated with higher metabolic risk in first-episode schizophrenia patients: a preliminary study. Asian J Psychiatr. 2016;21:25–30.
Chen DC, Zhou MA, Zhou DH, Xiu MH, Wu GY, Kosten TR, Zhang XY. Gender differences in the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in chronic hospitalized patients with schizophrenia on long-term antipsychotics. Psychiatry Res. 2011;186(2–3):451–3.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Yang F, Wang K, Du X, Deng H, Wu HE, Yin G, Ning Y, Huang X, Teixeira AL, de Quevedo J, et al. Sex difference in the association of body mass index and BDNF levels in Chinese patients with chronic schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology. 2019;236(2):753–62.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Yang W, Zheng L, Zheng B, Zeng S, Li J, Liang B, Zhu J, Zhang M. A meta-analysis of abnormal glucose metabolism in first-episode drug-naive schizophrenia. Psychiatr Danub. 2020;32(1):46–54.
Lang X, Zhou Y, Zhao L, Gu Y, Wu X, Zhao Y, Li Z, Zhang X. Differences in patterns of metabolic abnormality and metabolic syndrome between early-onset and adult-onset first-episode drug-naive schizophrenia patients. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2021;132: 105344.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Anjum S, Bathla M, Panchal S, Singh GP, Singh M. Metabolic syndrome in drug naïve schizophrenic patients. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2018;12(2):135–40.
Garrido-Torres N, Ruiz-Veguilla M, Alameda L, Canal-Rivero M, Ruiz MJ, Gómez-Revuelta M, Ayesa-Arriola R, Rubio-García A, Crespo-Facorro B, Vázquez-Bourgon J. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and related factors in a large sample of antipsychotic naïve patients with first-episode psychosis: baseline results from the PAFIP cohort. Schizophr Res. 2022;246:277–85.
Saloojee S, Burns JK, Motala AA. Metabolic syndrome in antipsychotic naive African patients with severe mental illness in usual care. Early Interv Psychiatry. 2018;12(6):1137–43.
Comments (0)