Neeland IJ, Kontos MC, de Lemos JA (2012) Evolving considerations in the management of patients with left bundle branch block and suspected myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 60(2):96–105

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hardarson T, Arnason A, Elíasson GJ, Pálsson K, Eyjólfsson K, Sigfússon N (1987) Left bundle branch block: prevalence, incidence, follow-up and outcome. Eur Heart J 8(10):1075–1079

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Amaral Marques C, Laura Costa A, Martins E (2024) Left bundle branch block-induced dilated cardiomyopathy: Definitions, pathophysiology, and therapy. Rev Port Cardiol 43(11):623–632

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Smiseth OA, Aalen JM (2019) Mechanism of harm from left bundle branch block. Trends Cardiovasc Med 29(6):335–342

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Parsai C, Bijnens B, Sutherland GR et al (2009) Toward understanding response to cardiac resynchronization therapy: left ventricular dyssynchrony is only one of multiple mechanisms. Eur Heart J 30(8):940–949

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ji X, Zhang X, Feng H (2021) Evaluation of left ventricular systolic synchrony by peak strain dispersion in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Int Med Res 49(4):3000605211007737

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Stens NA, van Iersel O, Rooijakkers MJP et al (2023) Prognostic Value of Preprocedural LV Global Longitudinal Strain for Post-TAVR-Related Morbidity and Mortality: A Meta-Analysis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 16(3):332–341

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pio SM, Medvedofsky D, Stassen J et al (2023) Changes in Left Ventricular Global Longitudinal Strain in Patients With Heart Failure and Secondary Mitral Regurgitation: The COAPT Trial. J Am Heart Assoc 12(17):e029956

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Russell K, Eriksen M, Aaberge L et al (2013) Assessment of wasted myocardial work: a novel method to quantify energy loss due to uncoordinated left ventricular contractions. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 305(7):H996–H1003

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Chan J, Edwards NFA, Khandheria BK et al (2019) A new approach to assess myocardial work by non-invasive left ventricular pressure-strain relations in hypertension and dilated cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 20(1):31–39

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Russell K, Eriksen M, Aaberge L et al (2012) A novel clinical method for quantification of regional left ventricular pressure-strain loop area: a non-invasive index of myocardial work. Eur Heart J 33(6):724–733

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Surawicz B, Childers R, Deal BJ et al (2009) AHA/ACCF/HRS recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram: part III: intraventricular conduction disturbances: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology; the American College of Cardiology Foundation; and the Heart Rhythm Society: endorsed by the International Society for Computerized Electrocardiology. Circulation 119(10):e235–e240

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Truong VT, Vo HQ, Ngo TNM et al (2022) Normal Ranges of Global Left Ventricular Myocardial Work Indices in Adults: A Meta-Analysis. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 35(4):369–377

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Seo Y, Ishizu T, Sakamaki F, Yamamoto M, Aonuma K (2015) Left bundle branch block and echocardiography in the era of CRT. J Echocardiogr 13(1):6–14

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Calle S, Delens C, Kamoen V, De Pooter J, Timmermans F (2020) Septal flash: At the heart of cardiac dyssynchrony. Trends Cardiovasc Med 30(2):115–122

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Duckett SG, Camara O, Ginks MR et al (2012) Relationship between endocardial activation sequences defined by high-density mapping to early septal contraction (septal flash) in patients with left bundle branch block undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy. Europace 14(1):99–106

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ashraf H, Agasthi P, Siegel RJ et al (2021) Natural history and clinical significance of isolated complete left bundle branch block without associated structural heart disease. Anatol J Cardiol 25(3):170–176

PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Aalen J, Storsten P, Remme EW et al (2019) Afterload Hypersensitivity in Patients With Left Bundle Branch Block. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 12(6):967–977

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vernooy K, Verbeek XA, Peschar M et al (2005) Left bundle branch block induces ventricular remodelling and functional septal hypoperfusion. Eur Heart J 26(1):91–98

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

van Oosterhout MF, Prinzen FW, Arts T et al (1998) Asynchronous electrical activation induces asymmetrical hypertrophy of the left ventricular wall. Circulation 98(6):588–595

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Akhtari S, Chuang ML, Salton CJ et al (2018) Effect of isolated left bundle-branch block on biventricular volumes and ejection fraction: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance assessment. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 20(1):66

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gao Y, Zhang Y, Tang Y et al (2023) Myocardial work and energy loss of left ventricle obtained by pressure-strain loop and vector flow mapping: a new perspective on idiopathic left bundle branch block. Quant Imaging Med Surg 13(1):210–223

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stankovic I, Prinz C, Ciarka A et al (2017) Long-Term Outcome After CRT in the Presence of Mechanical Dyssynchrony Seen With Chronic RV Pacing or Intrinsic LBBB. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 10(10 Pt A):1091–1099

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Auricchio A, Fantoni C, Regoli F et al (2004) Characterization of left ventricular activation in patients with heart failure and left bundle-branch block. Circulation 109(9):1133–1139

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Aagaard EN, Kvisvik B, Pervez MO et al (2020) Left ventricular mechanical dispersion in a general population: Data from the Akershus Cardiac Examination 1950 study. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 21(2):183–190

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Minczykowski A, Guzik P, Sajkowska A, Pałasz-Borkowska A, Wykrętowicz A (2023) Interrelationships between Peak Strain Dispersion, Myocardial Work Indices, Isovolumetric Relaxation and Systolic-Diastolic Coupling in Middle-Aged Healthy Subjects. J Clin Med 12(17):5623

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nelson GS, Berger RD, Fetics BJ et al (2000) Left ventricular or biventricular pacing improves cardiac function at diminished energy cost in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and left bundle-branch block. Circulation 102(25):3053–3059

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Remme EW, Lyseggen E, Helle-Valle T et al (2008) Mechanisms of preejection and postejection velocity spikes in left ventricular myocardium: interaction between wall deformation and valve events. Circulation 118(4):373–380

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Remme EW, Niederer S, Gjesdal O et al (2016) Factors determining the magnitude of the pre-ejection leftward septal motion in left bundle branch block. Europace 18(12):1905–1913

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Aalen JM, Donal E, Larsen CK et al (2020) Imaging predictors of response to cardiac resynchronization therapy: left ventricular work asymmetry by echocardiography and septal viability by cardiac magnetic resonance. Eur Heart J 41(39):3813–3823

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Leenders GE, Lumens J, Cramer MJ et al (2012) Septal deformation patterns delineate mechanical dyssynchrony and regional differences in contractility: analysis of patient data using a computer model. Circ Heart Fail 5(1):87–96

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kirkels FP, Lie ØH, Cramer MJ et al (2021) Right Ventricular Functional Abnormalities in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy: Association With Life-Threatening Ventricular Arrhythmias. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 14(5):900–910

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Friedberg MK (2021) Peeking Beyond Strain’s Peak: Regional Strain Patterns and Dispersion in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 14(5):911–914

Article  PubMed