Geva T, Wald RM, Bucholz E et al (2024) Long-Term Management of Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Dysfunction in Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 150(25):e689–e707. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000001291

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stout KK, Daniels CJ, Aboulhosn JA et al (2019) 2018 AHA/ACC Guideline for the Management of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 73(12):e81–e192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2018.08.1029

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Egbe AC, Adigun R, Anand V et al (2019) Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Tetralogy of Fallot: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Can J Cardiol 35(12):1784–1790. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2019.07.634

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Diller GP, Kempny A, Liodakis E et al (2012) Left Ventricular Longitudinal Function Predicts Life-Threatening Ventricular Arrhythmia and Death in Adults With Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot. Circulation 125(20):2440–2446. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.086983

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ghai A, Silversides C, Harris L, Webb GD, Siu SC, Therrien J (2002) Left ventricular dysfunction is a risk factor for sudden cardiac death in adults late after repair of tetralogy of fallot. J Am Coll Cardiol 40(9):1675–1680. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(02)02344-6

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Geva T, Sandweiss BM, Gauvreau K, Lock JE, Powell AJ (2004) Factors associated with impaired clinical status in long-term survivors of tetralogy of Fallot repair evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol 43(6):1068–1074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2003.10.045

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Knauth AL, Gauvreau K, Powell AJ et al (2008) Ventricular size and function assessed by cardiac MRI predict major adverse clinical outcomes late after tetralogy of Fallot repair. Heart 94(2):211–216. https://doi.org/10.1136/hrt.2006.104745

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Moscatelli S, Pergola V, Motta R et al (2023) Multimodality Imaging Assessment of Tetralogy of Fallot: From Diagnosis to Long-Term Follow-Up. Children 10(11):1747. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10111747

Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Valente AM, Cook S, Festa P et al (2014) Multimodality Imaging Guidelines for Patients with Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot: A Report from the American Society of Echocardiography: Developed in Collaboration with the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance and the Society for Pediatric Radiology. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 27(2):111–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2013.11.009

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Geva T (2011) Repaired tetralogy of Fallot: the roles of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in evaluating pathophysiology and for pulmonary valve replacement decision support. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 13(1):9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1532-429X-13-9

Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lopez L, Saurers DL, Barker PCA et al (2024) Guidelines for Performing a Comprehensive Pediatric Transthoracic Echocardiogram: Recommendations From the American Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 37(2):119–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2023.11.015

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lopez L, Colan SD, Frommelt PC et al (2010) Recommendations for Quantification Methods During the Performance of a Pediatric Echocardiogram: A Report From the Pediatric Measurements Writing Group of the American Society of Echocardiography Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease Council. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 23(5):465–495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2010.03.019

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lang RM, Bierig M, Devereux RB et al (2005) Recommendations for Chamber Quantification: A Report from the American Society of Echocardiography’s Guidelines and Standards Committee and the Chamber Quantification Writing Group, Developed in Conjunction with the European Association of Echocardiography, a Branch of the European Society of Cardiology. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 18(12):1440–1463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2005.10.005

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Davlouros PA, Kilner PJ, Hornung TS et al (2002) Right ventricular function in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot assessed with cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging: detrimental role of right ventricular outflow aneurysms or akinesia and adverse right-to-left ventricular interaction. J Am Coll Cardiol 40(11):2044–2052. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(02)02566-4

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dragulescu A, Friedberg MK, Grosse-Wortmann L, Redington A, Mertens L (2014) Effect of chronic right ventricular volume overload on ventricular interaction in patients after tetralogy of Fallot repair. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 27(8):896–902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2014.04.012

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lu JC, Ensing GJ, Yu S, Thorsson T, Donohue JE, Dorfman AL (2013) 5/6 Area Length Method for Left-Ventricular Ejection-Fraction Measurement in Adults with Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot: Comparison with Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. Pediatr Cardiol 34(2):231–239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00246-012-0420-7

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cheung EWY, Liang X, cun, Lam WWM, Cheung Yfai (2009) Impact of right ventricular dilation on left ventricular myocardial deformation in patients after surgical repair of tetralogy of fallot. Am J Cardiol 104(9):1264–1270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.06.043

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dragulescu A, Friedberg MK (2014) A tale of two ventricles: ventricular-ventricular interactions and LV dysfunction after surgical repair of Tetralogy of Fallot. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 15(5):498–499. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jet260

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Miyake M, Abe R, Matsutani H et al (2021) Relationship between right and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction assessed by 2-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography in adults with repaired tetralogy of Fallot. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 37(2):569–576. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-020-02045-7

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Knackstedt C, Schummers G, Schröder J et al (2023) A graphical analysis of aspects contributing to the spreading of measurements of left ventricular function. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 39(5):915–927. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10554-023-02796-z

Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Margossian R, Chen S, Sleeper LA et al (2015) The Reproducibility and Absolute Values of Echocardiographic Measurements of Left Ventricular Size and Function in Children Are Algorithm Dependent. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 28(5):549–558e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2015.01.014

Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chukwu EO, Barasch E, Mihalatos DG et al (2008) Relative Importance of Errors in Left Ventricular Quantitation by Two-Dimensional Echocardiography: Insights From Three-Dimensional Echocardiography and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 21(9):990–997. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.echo.2008.07.009

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar