K.G. Alberti, R.H. Eckel, S.M. Grundy, P.Z. Zimmet, J.I. Cleeman, K.A. Donato, J.C. Fruchart, W.P. James, C.M. Loria, S.C. Jr. Smith, Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity. Circulation 2009, 120(16):1640–1645

R.H. Eckel, S.M. Grundy, P.Z. Zimmet, The metabolic syndrome. Lancet. 365(9468), 1415–1428 (2005)

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

M.A. Cornier, D. Dabelea, T.L. Hernandez, R.C. Lindstrom, A.J. Steig, N.R. Stob, Van R.E. Pelt, H. Wang, R.H. Eckel, The metabolic syndrome. Endocr. Rev. 29(7), 777–822 (2008)

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

S. Lee, R. Muniyappa, X. Yan, H. Chen, L.Q. Yue, E.G. Hong, J.K. Kim, M.J. Quon, Comparison between surrogate indexes of insulin sensitivity and resistance and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp estimates in mice. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 294(2), E261–270 (2008)

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

D.R. Matthews, J.P. Hosker, A.S. Rudenski, B.A. Naylor, D.F. Treacher, R.C. Turner, Homeostasis model assessment: insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia. 28(7), 412–419 (1985)

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

M. Mirr, D. Skrypnik, P. Bogdanski, M. Owecki, Newly proposed insulin resistance indexes called TyG-NC and TyG-NHtR show efficacy in diagnosing the metabolic syndrome. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 44(12), 2831–2843 (2021)

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

X.Z. Liu, J. Fan, S.J. Pan, METS-IR, a novel simple insulin resistance indexes, is associated with hypertension in normal-weight Chinese adults. J. Clin. Hypertens. (Greenwich). 21(8), 1075–1081 (2019)

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

F. Guerrero-Romero, L.E. Simental-Mendia, M. Gonzalez-Ortiz, E. Martinez-Abundis, M.G. Ramos-Zavala, S.O. Hernandez-Gonzalez, O. Jacques-Camarena, M. Rodriguez-Moran, The product of triglycerides and glucose, a simple measure of insulin sensitivity. Comparison with the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 95(7), 3347–3351 (2010)

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

J. Lim, J. Kim, S.H. Koo, G.C. Kwon, Comparison of triglyceride glucose index, and related parameters to predict insulin resistance in Korean adults: an analysis of the 2007–2010 Korean National health and nutrition examination survey. PLoS One. 14(3), e0212963 (2019)

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

S. Nandhini, Association of Triglyceride–Glucose index (TyG index) with HbA1c and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Maedica - J. Clin. Med. 16(3), 375–381 (2021)

Google Scholar 

Y. Li, J. Gui, H. Liu, L.-. Guo, J. Li, Y. Lei, X. Li, L. Sun, L. Yang, T. Yuan et al., Predicting metabolic syndrome by obesity- and lipid-related indices in mid-aged and elderly chinese: a population-based cross-sectional study. Front. Endocrinol. 2023, 14: 1201132.

T.H. Raimi, B.F. Dele-Ojo, S.A. Dada, J.O. Fadare, D.D. Ajayi, E.A. Ajayi, O.A. Ajayi, Triglyceride-Glucose index and related parameters predicted metabolic syndrome in Nigerians. Metab. Syndr. Relat. Disord. 19(2), 76–82 (2021)

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

X. Zhang, H. Tang, J. Chen, J. Chen, H. Zhou, T. Qi, D. Wang, H. Zeng, F. Yu, Association between different triglyceride-glucose index combinations with obesity indicators and arthritis: results from two nationally representative population-based study. Eur. J. Med. Res. 29(1), 389 (2024)

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

O.Y. Bello-Chavolla, P. Almeda-Valdes, D. Gomez-Velasco, T. Viveros-Ruiz, I. Cruz-Bautista, A. Romo-Romo, D. Sánchez-Lázaro, D. Meza-Oviedo, A. Vargas-Vázquez, O.A. Campos et al., METS-IR, a novel score to evaluate insulin sensitivity, is predictive of visceral adiposity and incident type 2 diabetes. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 178(5), 533–544 (2018)

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

K.G. Alberti, P. Zimmet, J. Shaw, I.D.F.E.T.F.C. Group, The metabolic syndrome–a new worldwide definition. Lancet. 366(9491), 1059–1062 (2005)

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

M. Potts, China’s one child policy. BMJ. 333(7564), 361–362 (2006)

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

E.R. DeLong, D.M. DeLong, D.L. Clarke-Pearson, Comparing the areas under two or more correlated receiver operating characteristic curves: a nonparametric approach. Biometrics. 44(3), 837–845 (1988)

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

P. Luo, Y. Cao, P. Li, W. Li, Z. Song, Z. Fu, H. Zhou, X. Yi, L. Zhu, S. Zhu, TyG Index Performs Better Than HOMA-IR in Chinese Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with a BMI < 35 kg/m2: A Hyperglycemic Clamp Validated Study. Medicina 2022, 58(7)

C. Dundar, O. Terzi, H.N. Arslan, Comparison of the ability of HOMA-IR, VAI, and TyG indexes to predict metabolic syndrome in children with obesity: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr. 2023, 23(1): 74.

R. Rattanatham, J. Tangpong, M. Chatatikun, D. Sun, F. Kawakami, M. Imai, W.K. Klangbud, Assessment of eight insulin resistance surrogate indexes for predicting metabolic syndrome and hypertension in Thai law enforcement officers. PeerJ. 11, e15463 (2023)

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

X. Chen, D. Liu, W. He, H. Hu, W. Wang, Predictive performance of triglyceride glucose index (TyG index) to identify glucose status conversion: a 5-year longitudinal cohort study in Chinese pre-diabetes people. J. Transl Med. 21(1), 624 (2023)

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

E.-. Liu, Y.-. Weng, A.-. Zhou, C.-. Zeng, E.A. Nunes, Association between Triglyceride-Glucose index and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Japanese population: A secondary analysis of a retrospective cohort study. Biomed. Res. Int. 2020, 1–8 (2020)

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

S. Zheng, S. Shi, X. Ren, T. Han, Y. Li, Y. Chen, W. Liu, P.C. Hou, Y. Hu, Triglyceride glucose-waist circumference, a novel and effective predictor of diabetes in first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetes patients: cross-sectional and prospective cohort study. J. Transl Med. 14(1), 260 (2016)

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Y. Wan, Z. Zhang, Y. Ling, H. Cui, Z. Tao, J. Pei, A. Maimaiti, H. Bai, Y. Wu, J. Li et al., Association of triglyceride-glucose index with cardiovascular disease among a general population: a prospective cohort study. Diabetol. Metab. Syndr. 15(1), 204 (2023)

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

L. Wang, H.-. Cong, J.-. Zhang, Y.-. Hu, A. Wei, Y.-. Zhang, H. Yang, L.-. Ren, W. Qi, W.-. Li et al., y : Triglyceride-glucose index predicts adverse cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes and acute coronary syndrome. Cardiovasc. Diabetol. 19(1): 80 (2020)

Y. Min, X. Wei, Z. Wei, G. Song, X. Zhao, Y. Lei, Prognostic effect of triglyceride glucose-related parameters on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the united States adults with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Cardiovasc. Diabetol. 23(1), 188 (2024)

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Q. Chen, P. Hu, X. Hou, Y. Sun, M. Jiao, L. Peng, Z. Dai, X. Yin, R. Liu, Y. Li et al., Association between triglyceride-glucose related indices and mortality among individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Cardiovasc. Diabetol. 23(1), 232 (2024)

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

S.B. Lee, M.K. Kim, S. Kang, K. Park, J.H. Kim, S.J. Baik, J.S. Nam, C.W. Ahn, J.S. Park, Triglyceride glucose index is superior to the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance for predicting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Korean adults. Endocrinol. Metabolism. 34(2), 179–186 (2019)

Article  Google Scholar 

S.W. Kang, S.K. Kim, Y.S. Kim, M.S. Park, Risk prediction of the metabolic syndrome using TyG index and snps: a 10-year longitudinal prospective cohort study. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 478(1), 39–45 (2023)

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

S.H. Lee, K. Han, H.K. Yang, H.S. Kim, J.H. Cho, H.S. Kwon, Y.M. Park, B.Y. Cha, K.H. Yoon, A novel criterion for identifying metabolically obese but normal weight individuals using the product of triglycerides and glucose. Nutr. Diabetes. 5(4), e149 (2015)

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

T. McLaughlin, C. Lamendola, A. Liu, F. Abbasi, Preferential fat deposition in subcutaneous versus visceral depots is associated with insulin sensitivity. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 96(11), E1756–1760 (2011)

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

P. Luo, Y. Cao, P. Li, W. Li, Z. Song, Z. Fu, H. Zhou, X. Yi, L. Zhu, S. Zhu, TyG index performs better than HOMA-IR in Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus with a BMI < 35 kg/m2: A hyperglycemic clamp validated study. Med. (Kaunas). 58(7), 876 (2022)

Google Scholar