Z.J. Qian, M.C. Jin, K.D. Meister et al., Pediatric thyroid cancer incidence and mortality trends in the united States, 1973–2013. JAMA Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. 145(7), 617–623 (2019)

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

R.L. Siegel, K.D. Miller, H.E. Fuchs et al., Cancer statistics, 2021. CA Cancer J. Clin. 71(1), 7–33 (2021)

PubMed  Google Scholar 

I.D. Hay, T.R. Johnson, S. Kaggal et al., Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in children and adults: comparison of initial presentation and long-term postoperative outcome in 4432 patients consecutively treated at the Mayo clinic during eight decades (1936–2015). World J. Surg. 42(2), 329–342 (2018)

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

I.D. Hay, T. Gonzalez-Losada, M.S. Reinalda et al., Long-term outcome in 215 children and adolescents with papillary thyroid cancer treated during 1940 through 2008. World J. Surg. 34, 1192–1202 (2010)

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

M. Nies, R. Vassilopoulou-Sellin, R.L. Bassett et al., Distant metastases from childhood differentiated thyroid carcinoma: clinical course and mutational landscape. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 106(4), e1683–e1697 (2021)

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

C. Evans, S. Tennant, P. Perros, Thyroglobulin in differentiated thyroid cancer. Clin. Chim. Acta. 444, 310–317 (2015)

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

G.L. Francis, S.G. Waguespack, A.J. Bauer et al., Management guidelines for children with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 25(7), 716–759 (2015)

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

E. Zampella, L. Piscopo, M. Manganelli et al., Prognostic value of 12-month response to therapy in pediatric patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Endocrine. 80(3), 612–618 (2023)

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

W. Chen, Y.K. Luo, Y. Zhang, J. Tang, Ultrasound-guided implantation of radioactive 125I seed in radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid carcinoma. BMC Cancer. 21(1), 834 (2021)

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Y. He, M.Z. Pan, J.M. Huang et al., Iodine-131: an effective method for treating lymph node metastases of differentiated thyroid cancer. Med. Sci. Monit. 22, 4924–4928 (2016)

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

X.Y. Zhang, H.J. Song, Z.L. Qiu et al., Pulmonary metastases in children and adolescents with papillary thyroid cancer in china: prognostic factors and outcomes from treatment with 131I. Endocrine. 62(1), 149–158 (2018)

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

H.J. Song, Z.L. Qiu, C.T. Shen, Q.Y. Luo, Pulmonary metastases in differentiated thyroid cancer: efficacy of radioiodine therapy and prognostic factors. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 173(3), 399–408 (2015)

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Z.L. Qiu, H.J. Song, Y.H. Xu, Q.Y. Luo, Efficacy and survival analysis of 131I therapy for bone metastases from differentiated thyroid cancer. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 96(10), 3078–3086 (2011)

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

M. Luster, S.E. Clarke, M. Dietlein et al., Guidelines for radioiodine therapy of differentiated thyroid cancer. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging. 35(10), 1941–1959 (2008)

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

S.Y. Kim, H.J. Yun, H. Chang et al., Aggressiveness of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in pediatric patients younger than 16 years: A propensity Score-Matched analysis. Front. Oncol. 12, 872130 (2022)

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

C.S. Bal, A. Garg, S. Chopra et al., Prognostic factors in pediatric differentiated thyroid cancer patients with pulmonary metastases. J. Pediatr. Endocrinol. Metab. 28(7–8), 745–751 (2015)

PubMed  Google Scholar 

S.A. Rivkees, E.L. Mazzaferri, F.A. Verburg et al., The treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer in children: emphasis on surgical approach and radioactive iodine therapy. Endocr. Rev. 32(6), 798–826 (2011)

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

P.A.G. Alves-Junior, M.C.A. Barreto, F.A. Andrade et al., Stimulated thyroglobulin and diagnostic 131-iodine whole-body scan as a predictor of distant metastasis and association with response to treatment in pediatric thyroid cancer patients. Endocrine. 84(3), 1081–1087 (2024)

Article  Google Scholar 

A. Cistaro, N. Quartuccio, M.C. Garganese et al., Prognostic factors in children and adolescents with differentiated thyroid carcinoma treated with total thyroidectomy and RAI: a real-life multicentric study. Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging. 49(4), 1374–1385 (2022)

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

L. Giovanella, F. D’Aurizio, A. Algeciras-Schimnich et al., Thyroglobulin and thyroglobulin antibody: an updated clinical and laboratory expert consensus. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 189(2), R11–R27 (2023)

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar