1. Zhang XL, Fan JG, Wei L, Shi JP, Zheng MH, Chinese MAFLD Clinical Research Network. Promoting the term MAFLD: China in action. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022;7:598.

2. Chalasani N, Younossi Z, Lavine JE, et al. The diagnosis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology 2018;67:328–357.

3. De A, Bhagat N, Mehta M, Taneja S, Duseja A. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) definition is better than MAFLD criteria for lean patients with NAFLD. J Hepatol 2024;80:e61–e62.

4. Kim TY, Kim WG, Kim WB, Shong YK. Current status and future perspectives in differentiated thyroid cancer. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2014;29:217–225.

5. Balajam NZ, Mousavian AH, Sheidaei A, et al. The 15-year national trends of endocrine cancers incidence among Iranian men and women; 2005–2020. Sci Rep 2023;10. 13:7632.

6. Kitahara CM, Schneider AB. Epidemiology of thyroid cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31:1284–1297.

7. Park JH, Choi M, Kim JH, et al. Metabolic syndrome and the risk of thyroid cancer: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Thyroid 2020;30:1496–1504.

8. Sawada K, Chung H, Softic S, Moreno-Fernandez ME, Divanovic S. The bidirectional immune crosstalk in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Cell Metab 2023;35:1852–1871.

9. Bruce KD, Byrne CD. The metabolic syndrome: common origins of a multifactorial disorder. Postgrad Med J 2009;85:614–621.

10. Kim MK, Han K, Lee SH. Current trends of big data research using the Korean National Health Information Database. Diabetes Metab J 2022;46:552–563.

11. Lee JH, Kim D, Kim HJ, et al. Hepatic steatosis index: a simple screening tool reflecting nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Dig Liver Dis 2010;42:503–508.

12. Han AL, Lee HK. Comparison of the diagnostic performance of steatosis indices for discrimination of CT-diagnosed metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. Metabolites 2022;12:664.

13. Tan BL, Norhaizan ME, Liew WP, Sulaiman Rahman H. Antioxidant and oxidative stress: a mutual interplay in age-related diseases. Front Pharmacol 2018;9:1162.

14. Wei S, Hao Y, Dong X, et al. The relationship between metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and the incidence rate of extrahepatic cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023;14:985858.

15. Wang Z, Zhao X, Chen S, et al. Associations between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cancers in a large cohort in China. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021;19:788–796e4.

16. Moon SY, Son M, Cho JH, et al. Association between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and thyroid cancer. Thyroid 2025;35:79–86.

17. Lee YH, Bang H, Park YM, et al. Non-laboratory-based self-assessment screening score for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: development, validation and comparison with other scores. PLoS One 2014;9:e107584.

18. Bedogni G, Bellentani S, Miglioli L, et al. The fatty liver index: a simple and accurate predictor of hepatic steatosis in the general population. BMC Gastroenterol 2006;6:33.

19. Hang Y, Lee C, Roman YM. Assessing the clinical utility of major indices for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in East Asian populations. Biomark Med 2023;17:445–454.

20. López-Otín C, Pietrocola F, Roiz-Valle D, Galluzzi L, Kroemer G. Meta-hallmarks of aging and cancer. Cell Metab 2023;35:12–35.

21. Roger L, Tomas F, Gire V. Mechanisms and regulation of cellular senescence. Int J Mol Sci 2021;22:13173.

22. Zhu J, Thompson CB. Metabolic regulation of cell growth and proliferation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2019;20:436–450.

23. Ju SH, Song M, Lim JY, Kang YE, Yi HS, Shong M. Metabolic reprogramming in thyroid cancer. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2024;39:425–444.

24. Kwon H, Han KD, Moon SJ, Park SE, Rhee EJ, Lee WY. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and the risk of thyroid cancer among young adults in South Korea. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024;109:e1095–e1104.

25. Manna P, Jain SK. Obesity, oxidative stress, adipose tissue dysfunction, and the associated health risks: causes and therapeutic strategies. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2015;13:423–444.

26. Ibrahim MK, Simon TG, Rinella ME. Extrahepatic outcomes of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: nonhepatocellular cancers. Clin Liver Dis 2023;27:251–273.

27. Jin X, Qiu T, Li L, et al. Pathophysiology of obesity and its associated diseases. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023;13:2403–2424.

28. Xu L, Port M, Landi S, et al. Obesity and the risk of papillary thyroid cancer: a pooled analysis of three case-control studies. Thyroid 2014;24:966–974.

29. Harikrishna A, Ishak A, Ellinides A, et al. The impact of obesity and insulin resistance on thyroid cancer: a systematic review. Maturitas 2019;125:45–49.

30. Matrone A, Ferrari F, Santini F, Elisei R. Obesity as a risk factor for thyroid cancer. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2020;27:358–363.

31. Trevellin E, Bettini S, Pilatone A, Vettor R, Milan G. Obesity, the adipose organ and cancer in humans: association or causation? Biomedicines 2023;11:1319.