Daly, A. C., Riley, L., Segura, T. & Burdick, J. A. Hydrogel microparticles for biomedical applications. Nat. Rev. Mater. 5, 20–43 (2020).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Li, J. & Mooney, D. J. Designing hydrogels for controlled drug delivery. Nat. Rev. Mater. 1, 16071 (2016).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Xu, D. et al. High-flexibility, high-toughness double-cross-linked chitin hydrogels by sequential chemical and physical cross-linkings. Adv. Mater. 28, 5844–5849 (2016).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Zang, L. et al. Design and fabrication of an all-solid-state polymer supercapacitor with highly mechanical flexibility based on polypyrrole hydrogel. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9, 33941–33947 (2017).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Díaz-Marín, C. D. et al. Heat and mass transfer in hygroscopic hydrogels. Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. 195, 123103 (2022).
Liu, R. R. et al. Biomimetic chitin hydrogel via chemical transformation. Nano Res. 17, 771–777 (2024).
Li, X. & Gong, J. P. Design principles for strong and tough hydrogels. Nat. Rev. Mater. 9, 380–398 (2024).
Cao, H., Duan, L., Zhang, Y., Cao, J. & Zhang, K. Current hydrogel advances in physicochemical and biological response-driven biomedical application diversity. Signal Transduct. Target. Ther. 6, 426 (2021).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Choi, C., Yun, E. & Cha, C. Emerging technology of nanofiber-composite hydrogels for biomedical applications. Macromol. Biosci. 23, 2300222 (2023).
Wang, X. Q. et al. Structuring and shaping of mechanically robust and functional hydrogels toward wearable and implantable applications. Adv. Mater. 36, 2309952 (2024).
Lin, D. et al. Multifunctional hydrogel based on silk fibroin promotes tissue repair and regeneration. Adv. Funct. Mater. 34, 2405255 (2024).
Kharaziha, M., Baidya, A. & Annabi, N. Rational design of immunomodulatory hydrogels for chronic wound healing. Adv. Mater. 33, 2100176 (2021).
Rizzo, F. & Kehr, N. S. Recent advances in injectable hydrogels for controlled and local drug delivery. Adv. Healthc. Mater. 10, e2001341 (2021).
Cully, M. Hydrogel drug delivery for inflammatory bowel disease. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 14, 678–679 (2015).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Macdougall, L. J., Perez-Madrigal, M. M., Arno, M. C. & Dove, A. P. Nonswelling thiol–Yne cross-linked hydrogel materials as cytocompatible soft tissue scaffolds. Biomacromolecules 19, 1378–1388 (2018).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Zhang, Y., Li, Y. & Liu, W. Dipole–dipole and H-bonding interactions significantly enhance the multifaceted mechanical properties of thermoresponsive shape memory hydrogels. Adv. Funct. Mater. 25, 471–480 (2015).
Hezaveh, H. & Muhamad, I. Controlled drug release via minimization of burst release in pH-response kappa-carrageenan/polyvinyl alcoholhydrogels. Comput. Chem. Eng. 91, 508–519 (2012).
Manghnani, P. N. et al. From burst to controlled release: using hydrogel crosslinking chemistry to tune release of micro-crystalline active pharmaceutical ingredients. RSC Pharm. 2, 94–101 (2025).
Thoniyot, P., Tan, M. J., Karim, A. A., Young, D. J. & Loh, X. J. Nanoparticle–hydrogel composites: concept, design, and applications of these promising, multi-functional materials. Adv. Sci. (Weinh.) 2, 1400010 (2015).
O’Shea, T. M., Aimetti, A. A., Kim, E., Yesilyurt, V. & Langer, R. Synthesis and characterization of a library of in-situ curing, nonswelling ethoxylated polyol thiol-ene hydrogels for tailorable macromolecule delivery. Adv. Mater. 27, 65–72 (2015).
Jia, F., Kubiak, J. M., Onoda, M., Wang, Y. & Macfarlane, R. J. Design and synthesis of quick setting nonswelling hydrogels via brush polymers. Adv. Sci. (Weinh.) 8, 2100968 (2021).
Zhang, J. et al. Highly stretchable and biocompatible wrinkled nanoclay-composite hydrogel with enhanced sensing capability for precise detection of myocardial infarction. Adv. Mater. 35, 2209497 (2022).
Kaixiang, S. et al. Nanocomposite conductive hydrogels with robust elasticity and multifunctional responsiveness for flexible sensing and wound monitoring. Mater. Horiz. 10, 2096–2108 (2023).
Kamata, H., Akagi, Y., Kayasuga-Kariya, Y., Chung, U.-i. & Sakai, T. ‘Nonswellable’ hydrogel without mechanical hysteresis. Science 343, 873–875 (2014).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Bignotti, F., Baldi, F., Grassi, M., Abrami, M. & Spagnoli, G. Hydrophobically-modified PEG hydrogels with controllable hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance. Polymers (Basel) 13, 1489 (2021).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Hao, Z. et al. Supramolecular peptide nanofiber hydrogels for bone tissue engineering: from multihierarchical fabrications to comprehensive applications. Adv. Sci. (Weinh.) 9, 2103820 (2022).
Alsaid, Y. et al. Tunable sponge-like hierarchically porous hydrogels with simultaneously enhanced diffusivity and mechanical properties. Adv. Mater. 33, e2008235 (2021).
Panja, S., Dietrich, B. & Adams, D. J. Controlling syneresis of hydrogels using organic salts. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 61, e202115021 (2022).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Li, C. et al. A covalent organic framework/graphene dual-region hydrogel for enhanced solar-driven water generation. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 144, 3083–3090 (2022).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Yi, Y. et al. Hydrogels totally from inorganic nanosheets and water with mechanical robustness, self-healing, controlled lubrication and anti-corrosion. Nano Res. 16, 1533–1544 (2022).
Zhao, P. et al. Versatile hydrogel dressing with skin adaptiveness and mild photothermal antibacterial activity for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-infected dynamic wound healing. Adv. Sci. (Weinh.) 10, e2206585 (2023).
He, M., Wang, Q., Zhao, W. & Zhao, C. A substrate-independent ultrathin hydrogel film as an antifouling and antibacterial layer for a microfiltration membrane anchored via a layer-by-layer thiol-ene click reaction. J. Mater. Chem. B 6, 3904–3913 (2018).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Burdick, J. A. & Murphy, W. L. Moving from static to dynamic complexity in hydrogel design. Nat. Commun. 3, 1269 (2012).
van Oosten, A. S. G. et al. Emergence of tissue-like mechanics from fibrous networks confined by close-packed cells. Nature 573, 96–101 (2019).
Jatav, V., Singh, H. & Singh, S. Recent trends on hydrogel in human body. Int. J. Res. Pharm. Biomed. Sci. 2, 442–447 (2011).
Gouaux, E. & MacKinnon, R. Principles of selective ion transport in channels and pumps. Science 310, 1461–1465 (2005).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Chernomordik, L. V. & Kozlov, M. M. Mechanics of membrane fusion. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 15, 675–683 (2008).
Comments (0)