Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Byun JJ, Colvin MM, Deswal A, Drazner MH, Dunlay SM, Evers LR, Fang JC, Fedson SE, Fonarow GC, Hayek SS, Hernandez AF, Khazanie P, Kittleson MM, Lee CS, Link MS, Milano CA, Nnacheta LC, Sandhu AT, Stevenson LW, Vardeny O, Vest AR, Yancy CW (2022) 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association joint committee on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation 145:e895–e1032
Shimokawa H, Miura M, Nochioka K, Sakata Y (2015) Heart failure as a general pandemic in Asia. Eur J Heart Fail 17:884–892
Tsutsui H, Ide T, Ito H, Kihara Y, Kinugawa K, Kinugawa S, Makaya M, Murohara T, Node K, Saito Y, Sakata Y, Shimizu W, Yamamoto K, Bando Y, Iwasaki YK, Kinugasa Y, Mizote I, Nakagawa H, Oishi S, Okada A, Tanaka A, Akasaka T, Ono M, Kimura T, Kosaka S, Kosuge M, Momomura SI (2021) JCS/JHFS 2021 guideline focused update on diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. J Card Fail 27:1404–1444
Banjar S, Alharbi S, Omar I, Alzaid N, Alghamdi A, Abuthiyab N, Alzahrani A (2024) Effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) level and structural changes following myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol 410:132239
McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, Gardner RS, Baumbach A, Bohm M, Burri H, Butler J, Celutkiene J, Chioncel O, Cleland JGF, Crespo-Leiro MG, Farmakis D, Gilard M, Heymans S, Hoes AW, Jaarsma T, Jankowska EA, Lainscak M, Lam CSP, Lyon AR, McMurray JJV, Mebazaa A, Mindham R, Muneretto C, Francesco Piepoli M, Price S, Rosano GMC, Ruschitzka F, Skibelund AK, Group ESCSD (2023) 2023 Focused Update of the 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J 44:3627–3639
Balcıoğlu AS, Çelik E, Şahin M, Göçer K, Aksu E, Aykan A (2022) Dapagliflozin improves cardiac autonomic function measures in type 2 diabetic patients with cardiac autonomic neuropathy. Anatol J Cardiol 26:832–840
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Shimizu W, Kubota Y, Hoshika Y, Mozawa K, Tara S, Tokita Y, Yodogawa K, Iwasaki YK, Yamamoto T, Takano H, Tsukada Y, Asai K, Miyamoto M, Miyauchi Y, Kodani E, Ishikawa M, Maruyama M, Ogano M, Tanabe J (2020) Effects of empagliflozin versus placebo on cardiac sympathetic activity in acute myocardial infarction patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: the EMBODY trial. Cardiovasc Diabetol 19:148
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Seo M, Yamada T, Tamaki S, Hikoso S, Yasumura Y, Higuchi Y, Nakagawa Y, Uematsu M, Abe H, Fuji H, Mano T, Nakatani D, Fukunami M, Sakata Y (2020) Prognostic significance of serum cholinesterase level in patients with acute decompensated heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: insights from the PURSUIT-HFpEF registry. J Am Heart Assoc 9:e014100
Trojbicz LR, Damasceno MV, Pasqua LA, Gaspari AF, Lima-Silva AE, Bertuzzi R (2018) Parasympathetic activity delayed after self-paced exercise. Eur J Sport Sci 18:842–850
Tsutsui H, Isobe M, Ito H, Okumura K, Ono M, Kitakaze M, Kinugawa K, Kihara Y, Goto Y, Komuro I, Saiki Y, Saito Y, Sakata Y, Sato N, Sawa Y, Shiose A, Shimizu W, Shimokawa H, Seino Y, Node K, Higo T, Hirayama A, Makaya M, Masuyama T, Murohara T, Momomura SI, Yano M, Yamazaki K, Yamamoto K, Yoshikawa T, Yoshimura M, Akiyama M, Anzai T, Ishihara S, Inomata T, Imamura T, Iwasaki YK, Ohtani T, Onishi K, Kasai T, Kato M, Kawai M, Kinugasa Y, Kinugawa S, Kuratani T, Kobayashi S, Sakata Y, Tanaka A, Toda K, Noda T, Nochioka K, Hatano M, Hidaka T, Fujino T, Makita S, Yamaguchi O, Ikeda U, Kimura T, Kohsaka S, Kosuge M, Yamagishi M, Yamashina A, Japanese Circulation S, Japanese Heart Failure Society Joint Working G (2019) JCS 2017/JHFS 2017 guideline on diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure- digest version. Circ J 83:2084–2184
Seo M, Yamada T, Tamaki S, Watanabe T, Morita T, Furukawa Y, Kawasaki M, Kikuchi A, Kawai T, Nakamura J, Kayama K, Kawahira M, Kimura T, Ueda K, Sakamoto D, Sakata Y, Fukunami M (2022) Prognostic significance of cardiac (123)I-MIBG SPECT imaging in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 15:655–668
Hallow KM, Helmlinger G, Greasley PJ, McMurray JJV, Boulton DW (2018) Why do SGLT2 inhibitors reduce heart failure hospitalization? A differential volume regulation hypothesis. Diabetes Obes Metab 20:479–487
Packer M (2019) Reconceptualization of the molecular mechanism by which sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors reduce the risk of heart failure events. Circulation 140:443–445
Mustroph J, Wagemann O, Lucht CM, Trum M, Hammer KP, Sag CM, Lebek S, Tarnowski D, Reinders J, Perbellini F, Terracciano C, Schmid C, Schopka S, Hilker M, Zausig Y, Pabel S, Sossalla ST, Schweda F, Maier LS, Wagner S (2018) Empagliflozin reduces Ca/calmodulin-dependent kinase II activity in isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes. ESC Heart Fail 5:642–648
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Pabel S, Wagner S, Bollenberg H, Bengel P, Kovacs A, Schach C, Tirilomis P, Mustroph J, Renner A, Gummert J, Fischer T, Van Linthout S, Tschope C, Streckfuss-Bomeke K, Hasenfuss G, Maier LS, Hamdani N, Sossalla S (2018) Empagliflozin directly improves diastolic function in human heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 20:1690–1700
Bell RM, Yellon DM (2018) SGLT2 inhibitors: hypotheses on the mechanism of cardiovascular protection. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 6:435–437
Uthman L, Baartscheer A, Schumacher CA, Fiolet JWT, Kuschma MC, Hollmann MW, Coronel R, Weber NC, Zuurbier CJ (2018) Direct cardiac actions of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors target pathogenic mechanisms underlying heart failure in diabetic patients. Front Physiol 9:1575
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Verma S, Rawat S, Ho KL, Wagg CS, Zhang L, Teoh H, Dyck JE, Uddin GM, Oudit GY, Mayoux E, Lehrke M, Marx N, Lopaschuk GD (2018) Empagliflozin increases cardiac energy production in diabetes: novel translational insights into the heart failure benefits of SGLT2 inhibitors. JACC Basic Transl Sci 3:575–587
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Abdurrachim D, Teo XQ, Woo CC, Chan WX, Lalic J, Lam CSP, Lee PTH (2019) Empagliflozin reduces myocardial ketone utilization while preserving glucose utilization in diabetic hypertensive heart disease: a hyperpolarized (13) C magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Diabetes Obes Metab 21:357–365
Nakamura M, Sadoshima J (2019) Ketone body can be a fuel substrate for failing heart. Cardiovasc Res 115:1567–1569
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Maruyama T, Takashima H, Oguma H, Nakamura Y, Ohno M, Utsunomiya K, Furukawa T, Tei R, Abe M (2019) Canagliflozin improves erythropoiesis in diabetes patients with anemia of chronic kidney disease. Diabetes Technol Ther 21:713–720
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Zhang N, Feng B, Ma X, Sun K, Xu G, Zhou Y (2019) Dapagliflozin improves left ventricular remodeling and aorta sympathetic tone in a pig model of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Cardiovasc Diabetol 18:107
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Desai AS, Jhund PS, Claggett BL, Vaduganathan M, Miao ZM, Kondo T, Barkoudah E, Brahimi A, Connolly E, Finn P, Lang NN, Mc Causland FR, McGrath M, Petrie MC, McMurray JJV, Solomon SD (2022) Effect of dapagliflozin on cause-specific mortality in patients with heart failure across the spectrum of ejection fraction: a participant-level pooled analysis of DAPA-HF and DELIVER. JAMA Cardiol 7:1227–1234
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Cherney DZ, Perkins BA, Soleymanlou N, Har R, Fagan N, Johansen OE, Woerle HJ, von Eynatten M, Broedl UC (2014) The effect of empagliflozin on arterial stiffness and heart rate variability in subjects with uncomplicated type 1 diabetes mellitus. Cardiovasc Diabetol 13:28
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Scheen AJ (2019) Effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on the sympathetic nervous system and blood pressure. Curr Cardiol Rep 21:70
Matthews VB, Elliot RH, Rudnicka C, Hricova J, Herat L, Schlaich MP (2017) Role of the sympathetic nervous system in regulation of the sodium glucose cotransporter 2. J Hypertens 35:2059–2068
Carrió I, Cowie MR, Yamazaki J, Udelson J, Camici PG (2010) Cardiac sympathetic imaging with mIBG in heart failure. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 3:92–100
Jacobson AF, Senior R, Cerqueira MD, Wong ND, Thomas GS, Lopez VA, Agostini D, Weiland F, Chandna H, Narula J (2010) Myocardial iodine-123 meta-iodobenzylguanidine imaging and cardiac events in heart failure. Results of the prospective ADMIRE-HF (AdreView Myocardial Imaging for Risk Evaluation in Heart Failure) study. J Am Coll Cardiol 55:2212–2221
Fukuda Y, Nishio Y, Miyazaki H, Okada Y, Ueda H, Takahashi J, Nakano Y (2025) Prolonged corrected QT interval is associated with cardiac sympathetic nervous function overactivity in patients with severe aortic stenosis: assessment by 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine myocardial scintigraphy. Heart Vessels. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00380-025-02550-6
Lorenzo M, Jacobs-Cachá C, Palau P, Amiguet M, Seller J, Núñez E, Espriella R, Górriz JL, Miñana G, Sanchis J, Bayés-Genis A, Soler MJ, Packer M, Núñez J (2023) Short-term changes in peak VO(2) after initiation of dapagliflozin in heart failure across iron status. JACC Heart Fail 11:1611–1622
McMurray JJV, Solomon SD, Inzucchi SE, Køber L, Kosiborod MN, Martinez FA, Ponikowski P, Sabatine MS, Anand IS, Bělohlávek J, Böhm M, Chiang CE, Chopra VK, de Boer RA, Desai AS, Diez M, Drozdz J, Dukát A, Ge J, Howlett JG, Katova T, Kitakaze M, Ljungman CEA, Merkely B, Nicolau JC, O’Meara E, Petrie MC, Vinh PN, Schou M, Tereshchenko S, Verma S, Held C, DeMets DL, Docherty KF, Jhund PS, Bengtsson O, Sjöstrand M, Langkilde AM (2019) Dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 381:1995–2008
Anker SD, Butler J, Filippatos G, Ferreira JP, Bocchi E, Böhm M, Brunner-La Rocca HP, Choi DJ, Chopra V, Chuquiure-Valenzuela E, Giannetti N, Gomez-Mesa JE, Janssens S, Januzzi JL, Gonzalez-Juanatey JR, Merkely B, Nicholls SJ, Perrone SV, Piña IL, Ponikowski P, Senni M, Sim D, Spinar J, Squire I, Taddei S, Tsutsui H, Verma S, Vinereanu D, Zhang J, Carson P, Lam CSP, Marx N, Zeller C, Sattar N, Jamal W, Schnaidt S, Schnee JM, Brueckmann M, Pocock SJ, Zannad F, Packer M (2021) Empagliflozin in heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 385:1451–1461
Comments (0)