One of the most commonly performed procedures by IR specialists is biopsies, which are defined as any procedure in which tissue is obtained for laboratory analysis. Biopsy sampling, coupled with cellular and genetic analysis, provides clinicians with a deeper and more accurate understanding of targeted pathologies, allowing for more personalized and effective treatment plans. The variety of available biopsy devices, each with its own strengths and limitations, offers flexibility in approaching different clinical scenarios. A thorough understanding of these devices is crucial for optimizing procedural outcomes, ensuring higher technical yield, and ultimately improving patient care.

With technological advances, percutaneous biopsy is now commonplace due to relatively low risk, ease of device use, accessibility, and ability to reach deeper tissue in a minimally invasive manner.[1] There are a plethora of options for soft tissue and visceral biopsy; the breakthrough development in this field was the introduction of the core needle biopsy (CNB) device. Readily available in numerous shapes and sizes, the CNB is a mainstay in many procedures via direct percutaneous applications. Biopsy can be performed from a variety of access routes, whether percutaneous, intravascular, or trans-vascular.

The objective of this article is to provide a back-to-the-basics overview of biopsy needles. We explain the historical development of needles, various types of needles, and their respective advantages/disadvantages, and ultimately, the general considerations in choosing the right biopsy device.

Article published online:
02 July 2025

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