Aito S, D’Andrea M, Werhagen L. Spinal cord injuries due to diving accidents. Spinal Cord. 2005;43:109–16. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.sc.3101695

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schmitt H, Gerner HJ. Paralysis from sport and diving accidents. Clin J Sport Med. 2001;11:17–22. https://doi.org/10.1097/00042752-200101000-00004

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kluger Y, Jarosz D, Paul DB, Townsend RN, Diamond DL. Diving injuries: a preventable catastrophe. J Trauma. 1994;36:349–51.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Barss P, Djerrari H, Leduc BE, Lepage Y, Dionne CE. Risk factors and prevention for spinal cord injury from diving in swimming pools and natural sites in Quebec, Canada: a 44-year study. Accid Anal Prev. 2008;40:787–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2007.09.017

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fife D, Kraus J. Anatomic location of spinal cord injury. Relationship to the cause of injury. Spine. 1986;11:2–5. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-198601000-00002

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bailes JE, Herman JM, Quigley MR, Cerullo LJ, Meyer PR. Diving injuries of the cervical spine. Surg Neurol. 1990;34:155–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/0090-3019(90)90064-v

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yılmaz M, Ikizoglu E, Arslan M, Ozgiray E, Calıskan KE, Erbayraktar RS. An overview of spinal injuries due to dive or fall into shallow water: our long-term, double-center experience from the aegean coast. Emerg Med Int. 2021;2021:9937730 https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9937730

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Amorim EC, Vetter H, Mascarenhas LB, Gomes EG, Carvalho JBF, Gomes JF. Spine trauma due to diving: main features and short-term neurological outcome. Spinal Cord. 2011;49:206–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/sc.2010.79

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chan-Seng E, Perrin FE, Segnarbieux F, Lonjon N. Cervical spine injuries from diving accident: a 10-year retrospective descriptive study on 64 patients. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res OTSR. 2013;99:607–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.otsr.2013.04.003

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lenehan B, Street J, Kwon BK, Noonan V, Zhang H, Fisher CG, et al. The epidemiology of traumatic spinal cord injury in British Columbia, Canada. Spine. 2012;37:321–9. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e31822e5ff8

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sabre L, Pedai G, Rekand T, Asser T, Linnamägi U, Kõrv J. High incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury in Estonia. Spinal Cord. 2012;50:755–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/sc.2012.54

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ahoniemi E, Alaranta H, Hokkinen EM, Valtonen K, Kautiainen H. Incidence of traumatic spinal cord injuries in Finland over a 30-year period. Spinal Cord. 2008;46:781–4. https://doi.org/10.1038/sc.2008.53

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Borius PY, Gouader I, Bousquet P, Draper L, Roux FE. Cervical spine injuries resulting from diving accidents in swimming pools: outcome of 34 patients. Eur Spine J. 2010;19:552–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-009-1230-3

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Singh A, Tetreault L, Kalsi-Ryan S, Nouri A, Fehlings MG. Global prevalence and incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury. Clin Epidemiol. 2014;6:309–31. https://doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S68889

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

van den Berg MEL, Castellote JM, Mahillo-Fernandez I, de Pedro-Cuesta J. Incidence of spinal cord injury worldwide: a systematic review. Neuroepidemiology. 2010;34:184–92. https://doi.org/10.1159/000279335

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Joo PY, Zhu JR, Wilhelm C, Tang K, Day W, Moran J, et al. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion outcomes in patients with and without bariatric surgery—weight loss does make a difference. Spine. 2023;48:400–6. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0000000000004580

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dhodapkar MM, Modrak M, Halperin SJ, Gouzoulis MJ, Rubio DR, Grauer JN. Low back pain: utilization of urgent cares relative to emergency departments. Spine. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0000000000004880.

Seddio AE, McNamara KF, Gouzoulis MJ, Jabbouri SS, Vasudevan RS, Day W, et al. Comparable overall risk of neurologic adverse events following cervicothoracic interlaminar and transforaminal epidural injections: an analysis of 1.29 million patients. Spine. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0000000000005181.

Chang SKY, Tominaga GT, Wong JH, Weldon EJ, Kaan KT. Risk factors for water sports-related cervical spine injuries. J Trauma. 2006;60:1041–6. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ta.0000218256.39295.8f

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Branche CM, Sniezek JE, Sattin RW, Mirkin IR. Water recreation-related spinal injuries: risk factors in natural bodies of water. Accid Anal Prev. 1991;23:13–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-4575(91)90030-9

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Blanksby BA, Wearne FK, Elliott BC, Blitvich JD. Aetiology and occurrence of diving injuries. A review of diving safety. Sports Med Auckl NZ. 1997;23:228–46. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199723040-00003

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Greene A, Barnett P, Crossen J, Sexton G, Ruzicka P, Neuwelt E. Evaluation of the THINK FIRST For KIDS injury prevention curriculum for primary students. Inj Prev J Int Soc Child Adolesc Inj Prev. 2002;8:257–8. https://doi.org/10.1136/ip.8.3.257

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Avolio AE, Ramsey FL, Neuwelt EA. Evaluation of a program to prevent head and spinal cord injuries: a comparison between middle school and high school. Neurosurgery. 1992;31:557–61. https://doi.org/10.1227/00006123-199209000-00019

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wehner DE, Sutton L. An interactive, hospital-based injury prevention program for first-, second-, and third-grade students. J Emerg Nurs. 2005;31:383–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jen.2005.06.001

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Morse KF, Fine PA, Friedlander KJ. Creativity and leisure during COVID-19: examining the relationship between leisure activities, motivations, and psychological well-being. Front Psychol. 2021;12:609967 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.609967

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Waheed MAA, Hasan S, Tan LA, Bosco A, Reinas R, Ter Wengel PV, et al. Cervical spine pathology and treatment: a global overview. J Spine Surg. 2020;6:340–50. https://doi.org/10.21037/jss.2020.01.12

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tallqvist S, Kauppila AM, Vainionpää A, Koskinen E, Bergman P, Anttila H, et al. Prevalence of comorbidities and secondary health conditions among the Finnish population with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2022;60:618–27. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41393-021-00704-7

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Guszkowska M, Bołdak A. Sensation seeking in males involved in recreational high risk sports. Biol Sport. 2010;27:157–62. https://doi.org/10.5604/20831862.919331

Article  Google Scholar 

Chang V, Ellingson BM, Salamon N, Holly LT. The risk of acute spinal cord injury after minor trauma in patients with preexisting cervical stenosis. Neurosurgery. 2015;77:561–5. https://doi.org/10.1227/NEU.0000000000000888

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Oglesby M, Fineberg SJ, Patel AA, Pelton MA, Singh K. Epidemiological trends in cervical spine surgery for degenerative diseases between 2002 and 2009. Spine. 2013;38:1226–32. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e31828be75d

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar