Choi HK, Curhan G (2007) Independent impact of gout on mortality and risk for coronary heart disease. Circulation 116(8):894–900

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

De Vera MA, Rahman MM, Bhole V, Kopec JA, Choi HK (2010) Independent impact of gout on the risk of acute myocardial infarction among elderly women: a population-based study. Ann Rheum Dis 69(6):1162–1164

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gupta MK, Singh JA (2019) Cardiovascular disease in gout and the protective effect of treatments including urate-lowering therapy. Drugs 79(5):531–541

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cipolletta E, Tata LJ, Nakafero G, Avery AJ, Mamas MA, Abhishek A (2022) Association between gout flare and subsequent cardiovascular events among patients with gout. JAMA 328(5):440–450

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen JH, Lan JL, Cheng CF, Liang WM, Lin HY, Tsay GJ, Yeh WT, Pan WH (2015) Effect of urate-lowering therapy on the risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in patients with gout: a case-matched cohort study. J Rheumatol 42(9):1694–1701

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shi X, Zhao T, da Silva-Junior EF, Zhang J, Xu S, Gao S, Liu X, Zhan P (2022) Novel urate transporter 1 (URAT1) inhibitors: a review of recent patent literature (2020-present). Expert Opin Ther Pat 32(12):1175–1184

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wright AF, Rudan I, Hastie ND, Campbell H (2010) A ‘complexity’ of urate transporters. Kidney Int 78(5):446–452

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Eun Y, Han H, Kim K, Kang S, Lee S, Kim H, Lee J, Koh EM, Cha HS (2022) Cardiovascular risk associated with allopurinol or benzbromarone treatment in patients with gout. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 14:1759720X221116409

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ogino K, Kato M, Furuse Y, Kinugasa Y, Ishida K, Osaki S, Kinugawa T, Igawa O, Hisatome I, Shigemasa C et al (2010) Uric acid-lowering treatment with benzbromarone in patients with heart failure: a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover preliminary study. Circ Heart Fail 3(1):73–81

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cupido AJ, Reeskamp LF, Hingorani AD, Finan C, Asselbergs FW, Hovingh GK, Schmidt AF (2022) Joint genetic inhibition of PCSK9 and CETP and the association with coronary artery disease: a factorial Mendelian randomization study. JAMA Cardiol 7(9):955–964

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Li Y, Xiao W, Huang N, Zhuang Z, Zhang L, Wang W, Song Z, Zhao Y, Dong X, Xu M et al (2023) The effects of blood pressure and antihypertensive drugs on heart failure: a Mendelian randomization study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 33(7):1420–1428

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tin A, Marten J, Halperin Kuhns VL, Li Y, Wuttke M, Kirsten H, Sieber KB, Qiu C, Gorski M, Yu Z et al (2019) Target genes, variants, tissues and transcriptional pathways influencing human serum urate levels. Nat Genet 51(10):1459–1474

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Donertas HM, Fabian DK, Valenzuela MF, Partridge L, Thornton JM (2021) Common genetic associations between age-related diseases. Nat Aging 1(4):400–412

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shah S, Henry A, Roselli C, Lin H, Sveinbjornsson G, Fatemifar G, Hedman AK, Wilk JB, Morley MP, Chaffin MD et al (2020) Genome-wide association and Mendelian randomisation analysis provide insights into the pathogenesis of heart failure. Nat Commun 11(1):163

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sakaue S, Kanai M, Tanigawa Y, Karjalainen J, Kurki M, Koshiba S, Narita A, Konuma T, Yamamoto K, Akiyama M et al (2021) A cross-population atlas of genetic associations for 220 human phenotypes. Nat Genet 53(10):1415–1424

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen J, Spracklen CN, Marenne G, Varshney A, Corbin LJ, Luan J, Willems SM, Wu Y, Zhang X, Horikoshi M et al (2021) The trans-ancestral genomic architecture of glycemic traits. Nat Genet 53(6):840–860

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Loh PR, Kichaev G, Gazal S, Schoech AP, Price AL (2018) Mixed-model association for biobank-scale datasets. Nat Genet 50(7):906–908

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Graham SE, Clarke SL, Wu KH, Kanoni S, Zajac GJM, Ramdas S, Surakka I, Ntalla I, Vedantam S, Winkler TW et al (2021) The power of genetic diversity in genome-wide association studies of lipids. Nature 600(7890):675–679

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yang F, Hu T, Cui H (2022) Serum urate and heart failure: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Eur J Prev Cardiol 29(11):1570–1578

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Han Y, Cao Y, Han X, Di H, Yin Y, Wu J, Zhang Y, Zeng X (2023) Hyperuricemia and gout increased the risk of long-term mortality in patients with heart failure: insights from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Transl Med 21(1):463

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ke J, Pan J, Lin H, Han Z, Gu J (2023) Uric acid-lowering therapy with benzbromarone in hypertension with asymptomatic hyperuricemia: a randomized study focusing left ventricular diastolic function. Curr Med Res Opin 39(7):947–953

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tanaka A, Taguchi I, Hisauchi I, Yoshida H, Shimabukuro M, Hongo H, Ishikawa T, Kadokami T, Yagi S, Sata M et al (2023) Clinical effects of a selective urate reabsorption inhibitor dotinurad in patients with hyperuricemia and treated hypertension: a multicenter, prospective, exploratory study (DIANA). Eur J Med Res 28(1):238

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yanai H, Katsuyama H, Hakoshima M, Adachi H (2023) Urate transporter 1 can be a therapeutic target molecule for chronic kidney disease and diabetic kidney disease: a retrospective longitudinal study. Biomedicines 11(2):567

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tanaka Y, Nagoshi T, Takahashi H, Oi Y, Yasutake R, Yoshii A, Kimura H, Kashiwagi Y, Tanaka TD, Shimoda M et al (2023) URAT1 is expressed in cardiomyocytes and dotinurad attenuates the development of diet-induced metabolic heart disease. iScience 26(9):107730

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yanai H, Adachi H, Hakoshima M, Katsuyama H (2021) Molecular biological and clinical understanding of the pathophysiology and treatments of hyperuricemia and its association with metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease. Int J Mol Sci 22(17):9221

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhao K, Zhang S, Tian J, Wu S, Chen Y, Wu Z, Liang J, Wu H, Pang J, Wu T (2025) Loss of Urat1 exacerbates APAP-induced liver injury in mice. Toxicology 511:154070

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Caulfield MJ, Munroe PB, O’Neill D, Witkowska K, Charchar FJ, Doblado M, Evans S, Eyheramendy S, Onipinla A, Howard P et al (2008) SLC2A9 is a high-capacity urate transporter in humans. PLoS Med 5(10):e197

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Parsa A, Brown E, Weir MR, Fink JC, Shuldiner AR, Mitchell BD, McArdle PF (2012) Genotype-based changes in serum uric acid affect blood pressure. Kidney Int 81(5):502–507

Article  CAS  PubMed  G