Mehta A, Efron DT, Canner JK, Dultz L, Xu T, Jones C et al. Effect of surgeon and hospital volume on emergency general surgery outcomes. J Am Coll Surg 2017: 225: 666–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2017.08.009

Havens JM, Peetz AB, Do WS, Cooper Z, Kelly E, Askari R, Reznor G, et al. The excess morbidity and mortality of emergency general surgery. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2015;78:306–11. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0000000000000517.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Reddy K, Gharde P, Tayade H, Patil M, Reddy LS, Surya D. Advancements in robotic surgery: A comprehensive overview of current utilizations and upcoming frontiers. Cureus. 2023;15(e50415). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.50415.

Lunardi N, Abou-Zamzam A, Florecki KL, Chidambaram S, Shih I-F, Kent AJ, et al. Robotic technology in emergency general surgery cases in the era of minimally invasive surgery. JAMA Surg. 2024;159:493–9. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2024.0016.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sridhar AN, Briggs TP, Kelly JD, Nathan S. Training in robotic surgery—an overview. Curr Urol Rep 2017:58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11934-017-0710-y

Keeney-Bonthrone TP, Abbott KE, Chang AC, Lin J, Carrott PW, Lagisetty KH et al. Short hospital stay and low recurrence rates with robot-assisted laparoscopic paraesophageal HIATAL hernia repair: an improvement on both transthoracic and laparoscopic approaches. J Am Coll Surg 2019:229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2019.08.621

Petro C, Thomas J, Tu C, Krpata D, Beffa L, Rosen M, Prabhu A et al. Robotic vs laparoscopic ventral hernia repair with intraperitoneal mesh: 1-year exploratory outcomes of the PROVE-IT randomized clinical trial. J Am Coll Surg 2022:6:1160–5. https://doi.org/10.1097/XCS.0000000000000171

8, Milone M, Manigrasso M, Anoldo P, D’Amore A, Elmore U, Giglio MC et al. The role of robotic visceral surgery in patients with adhesions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pers Med 2022:12:307. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12020307

Vennix S, Boersema GS, Buskens CJ, Menon AG, Tanis PJ, Lange JF et al. Emergency laparoscopic sigmoidectomy for perforated diverticulitis with generalised peritonitis: A systematic review. Dig Surg 2016:33:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1159/000441150

Friedman G. Robotics for acute care in colorectal surgery. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2021;34:328–33. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1726448.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sanderfer VC, Jensen S, Qadri HI, Yang H, Benham EC, Laur C, et al. Rise of the robots: implementing robotic surgery into the acute care surgery practice. Surg Endosc. 2025;39:472–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-024-11266-z.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Robo-tracs. In: AAST. https://www.aast.org/robo-tracs. Accessed 10 Jan 2025.

Haghshenas J, Florecki K, Torres CM, Manukyan M, Kent A, Lawrence C, et al. Incorporation of a robotic surgery training curriculum in acute care surgical fellowship. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2023;92:e11–4. https://doi.org/10.1097/ta.0000000000003996.

Article  Google Scholar 

Da vinci training passport. https://www.intuitive.com/en-us/-/media/ISI/Intuitive/Pdf/training-passport-brochure-ww-1016750.pdf. Accessed 16 Jan 2025.

Leijte E, de Blaauw I, Van Workum F, Rosman C, Botden S. Robot assisted versus laparoscopic suturing learning curve in a simulated setting. Surg Endosc. 2020;34:3679–89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-019-07263-2.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Awad MA, Buzalewski J, Anderson C, Fluck M, Dove JT, Soloski A, et al. Outcomes of robotic inguinal hernia repair: operative time and cost analysis. J Am Coll Surg. 2019;229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2019.08.242.

Lee JY, Mucksavage P, Sundaram CP, McDougall EM. Best practices for robotic surgery training and credentialing. J Urol 2011:185:1191–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2010.11.067

Cristofari H, Jung MK, Niclauss N, Toso C, Kloetzer L. Teaching and learning robotic surgery at the dual console: A video-based qualitative analysis. J Robotic Surg. 2022;16:169–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11701-021-01224-5.

Article  Google Scholar 

Gerull WD, Kulason S, Shields MC, Yee A, Awad MM. Impact of robotic surgery objective performance indicators: A systematic review. J Am Coll Surg. 2025;240:201–10. https://doi.org/10.1097/XCS.0000000000001208.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Campbell S, Lee S-H, Liu Y, Wren SM. A retrospective study of laparoscopic, robotic-assisted, and open emergent/urgent cholecystectomy based on the PINC AI Healthcare Database 2017–2020. World J Emerg Surg 2023:18:55. doi: 10.1186/s13017-023-00521-8.

Jose AM, Rafieezadeh A, Zangbar B, Klein J, Kirsch J, Shnaydman I et al. Step-by-step roadmap to building a Robotic Acute Care Surgery Program (RACSP) in a level I trauma center: Outcomes and lessons learned after 1-year implementation. Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open 2024:9:e001449. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/tsaco-2024-001449

Gage D, Neilson T, Pino MG, Eiferman D, Knight-Davis J. Establishment of a 24/7 robotic acute care surgery program at a large academic medical center. Surg Endosc 2024:38:4663–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-024-11036-x

Sudan R, Desai SS. Emergency and weekend robotic surgery are feasible. J Robot Surg. 2012;6:263–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11701-011-0289-0.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Torres CM, Florecki K, Haghshenas J, Manukyan M, Kent A, Lawrence C, et al. The evolution and development of a Robotic Acute Care Surgery Program. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2023:95:e26-e30. https://doi.org/10.1097/ta.0000000000004020

de’Angelis N, Khan J, Marchegiani F, Bianchi G, Aisoni F, Alberti D, et al. Robotic surgery in emergency setting: 2021 WSES position paper. World J Emerg Surg 2022:17. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13017-022-00410-6.

Herron DM, Marohn M, SAGES-MIRA Robotic Surgery Consensus Group. A consensus document on robotic surgery. Surg Endosc. 2008;22:313–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-007-9727-5.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Huffman EM, Rosen SA, Levy JS, Martino MA, Stefanidis D. Are current credentialing requirements for robotic surgery adequate to ensure surgeon proficiency? Surg Endosc 2021:35:2104–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-020-07608-2