Alvesalo I, Murtomaa H, Milgrom P, Honkanen A, Karjalainen M, Tay KM. The Dental Fear Survey Schedule: a study with Finnish children. Int J Paediatr Dent. 1993;3:193–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-263x.1993.tb00083.x.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Arapostathis KN, Coolidge T, Emmanouil D, Kotsanos N. Reliability and validity of the Greek version of the children’s fear survey schedule-dental subscale. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2008;18:374–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-263X.2007.00894.x.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Arhakis A, Menexes G, Coolidge T, Kalfas S. Heart rate, salivary α-amylase activity, and cooperative behavior in previously naïve children receiving dental local anesthesia. Pediatr Dent. 2012;34:e225–30.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Berge KG, Agdal ML, Vika M, Skeie MS. High fear of intra-oral injections: prevalence and relationship to dental fear and dental avoidance among 10- to 16-yr-old children. Eur J Oral Sci. 2016;124:572–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/eos.12305.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brand HS, Abraham-Inpijn L. Cardiovascular responses induced by dental treatment. Eur J Oral Sci. 1996;104:245–52. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0722.1996.tb00074.x.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cianetti S, Lombardo G, Lupatelli E, Pagano S, Abraha I, Montedori A, Caruso S, Gatto R, De Giorgio S, Salvato R. Dental fear/anxiety among children and adolescents. A systematic review. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2017;18:121–30. https://doi.org/10.23804/ejpd.2017.18.02.07.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Committee on the Rights of the Child. General comment No. 14. In: The right of the child to have his or her best interests taken as a primary consideration (Art. 3). United Nations. 2013. https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/crc.aspx. Accessed 29 May 2013.

Davies EB, Buchanan H. An exploratory study investigating children’s perceptions of dental behavioural management techniques. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2013;23:297–309. https://doi.org/10.1111/ipd.12007.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Doctor RM, Kahn AP, Adamec C. Entries A to Z. In: Kahn AP, Fawcett J, editors. The encyclopedia of phobias, fears, and anxieties. 3rd ed. New York: Facts on File; 2008. p. 387.

Google Scholar 

Felemban OM, Alshamrani RM, Aljeddawi DH, Bagher SM. Effect of virtual reality distraction on pain and anxiety during infiltration anesthesia in pediatric patients: a randomized clinical trial. BMC Oral Health. 2021;21:321. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-021-01678-x.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Frankl SN, Shiere FR, Fogels HR. Should the parent remain with the child in the dental operatory? J Dent Child. 1962;29:150–63.

Google Scholar 

Jain AA, Yeluri R, Munshi AK. Measurement and assessment of pain in children–a review. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2012;37:125–36. https://doi.org/10.17796/jcpd.37.2.k84341490806t770.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Klingberg G, Broberg AG. Dental fear/anxiety and dental behaviour management problems in children and adolescents: a review of prevalence and concomitant psychological factors. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2007;17:391–406. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-263X.2007.00872.x.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Klingberg G, Ridell K, Brogårdh-Roth S, Vall M, Berlin H. Local analgesia in paediatric dentistry: a systematic review of techniques and pharmacologic agents. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2017;18:323–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-017-0302-z.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kupietzky A, Schwartz S. Local Anesthesia. In: Kupietzky A, editor. Wright’s behavior management in dentistry for children. 3rd ed. Hoboken: Wiley-Blackwell; 2022. p. 141–61.

Google Scholar 

Kuşcu OO, Akyuz S. Children’s preferences concerning the physical appearance of dental injectors. J Dent Child (Chic). 2006;73:116–21.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Leyda-Menéndez AM, Vidigal EA, Abanto J, Ribelles-Llop M. Efficacy of two behavioural management techniques during inferior alveolar nerve block administration in pre-school children: a randomised clinical trial. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2023;24:85–93.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Locker D, Poulton R, Thomson WM. Psychological disorders and dental anxiety in a young adult population. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2001;29:456–63. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0528.2001.290607.x.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Morgan AG, Porritt J. Background and Prevalence of Dental Fear and Anxiety. In: Campbell C, editor. Dental Fear and Anxiety in Pediatric Patients: Practical Strategies to Help Children Cope. 1st ed. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing; 2017. p. 4.

Google Scholar 

Roberts JF, Curzon ME, Koch G, Martens LC. Review: behaviour management techniques in paediatric dentistry. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2010;11:166–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03262738.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sridhar S, Suprabha BS, Shenoy R, Shwetha KT, Rao A. Effect of a relaxation training exercise on behaviour, anxiety, and pain during buccal infiltration anaesthesia in children: Randomized clinical trial. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2019;29:596–602. https://doi.org/10.1111/ipd.12497.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Starkey PE. Local Anesthesia in Children. In: Wright GZ, Starkey PE, Gardner DE, editors. Managing Children’s Behavior in the Dental office. Missouri: The C.V. Mosby Company; 1983. p. 123–43.

Google Scholar 

Vidigal EA, Abanto J, Leyda AM, Berti GO, Aillón IEV, Corrêa MSNP, Bönecker M. Comparison of two behavior management techniques used during mandibular block anesthesia among preschool children: a randomized clinical trial. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2021;22:773–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-021-00617-2.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wong DL, Baker CM. Pain in children: comparison of assessment scales. Pediatr Nurs. 1988;14:9–17.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang C, Qin D, Shen L, Ji P, Wang J. Does audiovisual distraction reduce dental anxiety in children under local anesthesia? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Oral Dis. 2019;25:416–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/odi.12849.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar