Aarvik RS. Restraint in pediatric dentistry in the norwegian public dental service: an exploratory and descriptive study using qualitative and quantitative methods. Doctoral thesis. 2022 [cited 2025 March 14]. https://www.duo.uio.no/handle/10852/98374

American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Management of dental patients with special health care needs. The reference manual of pediatric dentistry. Chicago, Ill.: American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; 2024. pp. 343–50.

American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Behavior guidance for the pediatric dental patient. The reference manual of pediatric dentistry. Chicago, Ill.: American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; 2024. pp. 358–78.

Arksey H, O’Malley L. Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. Int J Soc Res Methodol. 2005;8(1):19–32.

Google Scholar 

Bernson J. Dental coping strategies and dental anxiety: adaptive and maladaptive strategies among adult patients with regular or irregular dental care. 2012 [cited 2025 Mar 24]. https://gupea.ub.gu.se/handle/2077/29706

Blaizot A, Hamel O, Folliguet M, Herve C, Meningaud J-P, Trentesaux T. Could ethical tensions in oral healthcare management revealed by adults with intellectual disabilities and caregivers explain unmet oral health needs? Participatory research with focus groups. J Appl Res Intellect Disabil. 2017;30(1):172–87.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Blaizot A, Catteau C, Delfosse C, Hamel O, Trentesaux T. Obstacles to comprehensive dental care in patients with sustained limitations of their decision-making abilities: findings from a Delphi study. Eur J Oral Sci. 2018;126(3):222–33.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Booth A. Searching for qualitative research for inclusion in systematic reviews: a structured methodological review. Syst Rev. 2016;4(5):74.

Google Scholar 

Bogner MS, Scambler S, Eschevins C, Faulks D. How do persons with disabilities and/or complex health conditions perceive oral health? a qualitative study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2025;53(1):77–89.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Braun V, Clarke V. Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis. Qual Res Sport Exerc Health. 2019;11(4):589–97.

Google Scholar 

Braun V, Clarke V. Thematic analysis. In: Maggino F, editor. Encyclopedia of quality of life and well-being research. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2020. p. 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69909-7_3470-2.

Chapter  Google Scholar 

Camoin A, Dany L, Tardieu C, Ruquet M, Le Coz P. Ethical issues and dentists’ practices with children with intellectual disability: a qualitative inquiry into a local French health network. Disabil Health J. 2018;11(3):412–9.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Camoin A, Blanchet I, Dany L, Le Coz P, Saliba-Serre B, Tardieu C. Lack of assent to dental examination in children with intellectual disabilities: dentists’ practices in Europe and ethical issues. Spec Care Dent. 2024;44(4):1236–44.

Google Scholar 

Capozza LE, Bimstein E. Preferences of parents of children with autism spectrum disorders concerning oral health and dental treatment. Pediatr Dent. 2012;34(7):480–4.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Colina M, Cisneros JAC. Preferencias de los padres/madres y cuidadores de niños con trastornos del espectro autista sobre las técnicas de manejo conductual en la consulta odontológica. Acta Bioclínica. 2022;12(23):28–70.

Google Scholar 

De Castro AM, De Oliveira FS, De Paiva Novaes MS, Araújo Ferreira DC. Behavior guidance techniques in pediatric dentistry: attitudes of parents of children with disabilities and without disabilities. Spec Care Dent. 2013;33(5):213–7.

Google Scholar 

Djalali Talab Y, Geibel M-A. Comparison of parental and practitioner’s acceptance for dental treatment under general anaesthesia in paediatric patients. BMC Pediatr. 2023;23(1):45.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dougall A, Fiske J. Access to special care dentistry, part 3. Consent and capacity. Br Dent J. 2008;205(2):71–81.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Duker LIS, Henwood BF, Bluthenthal RN, Juhlin E, Polido JC, Cermak SA. Parents’ perceptions of dental care challenges in male children with autism spectrum disorder: an initial qualitative exploration. Res Autism Spectr Disord. 2017;39:63–72.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Emerson E, Kiernan C, Alborz A, Reeves D, Mason H, Swarbrick R, et al. The prevalence of challenging behaviors: a total population study. Res Dev Disabil. 2001;22(1):77–93.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Geddis-Regan A, Fisal ABA, Bird J, Fleischmann I, Mac Giolla Phadraig C. Experiences of dental behaviour support techniques: a qualitative systematic review. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2024;52(5):660–76.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Guinot F, Virolés M, Lluch C, Costa AL, Veloso A. Spanish and Portuguese parental acceptance of behavior management techniques in pediatric dentistry. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2021;45(4):247–52.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Harris J. Physical restraint procedures for managing challenging behaviours presented by mentally retarded adults and children. Res Dev Disabil. 1996;17(2):99–134.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hennequin M, Moysan V, Jourdan D, Dorin M, Nicolas E. Inequalities in oral health for children with disabilities: a French national survey in special schools. PLoS ONE. 2008;3(6): e2564.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Heyvaert M, Saenen L, Maes B, Onghena P. Systematic review of restraint interventions for challenging behaviour among persons with intellectual disabilities: Focus on effectiveness in single-case experiments. J Appl Res Intellect Disabil. 2014;27(6):493–510.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Heyvaert M, Saenen L, Maes B, Onghena P. Systematic review of restraint interventions for challenging behaviour among persons with intellectual disabilities: Focus on experiences. J Appl Res Intellect Disabil. 2015;28(2):61–80.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ismail N, Isa KAM, Hamzah SH, Mokhtar IW. A randomized cross-over trial of behavior guidance techniques on children with special needs during dental treatment: the caregivers’ perceived mannerisms. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2023;13(6):500–8.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ismail N, Mohd Yusof MYP, Wan MI. Factors influencing parental acceptance toward the use of passive immobilisation as behaviour guidance in children during dental treatment: a scoping review. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2024;48(3):6–14.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jordan Z, Lockwood C, Munn Z, Aromataris E. The updated Joanna Briggs institute model of evidence-based healthcare. Int J Evid Based Healthc. 2019;17(1):58.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Levac D, Colquhoun H, O’Brien KK. Scoping studies: advancing the methodology. Implement Sci. 2010;5(1):69.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Luiselli JK. The handbook of high-risk challenging behaviors in people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes Publishing; 2012.

Google Scholar 

Mac Giolla Phadraig C, Ahmad Fisal AB, Bird J, Kammer PV, Fleischmann I, Geddis-Regan A. A scoping review of interventions and outcome measures in trials of dental behavior support. Spec Care Dentist. 2024a;44(3):676–85.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mac Giolla Phadraig C, Healy O, Fisal AA, Yarascavitch C, van Harten M, Nunn J, et al. Behaviour support in dentistry: a Delphi study to agree terminology in behaviour management. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2024b;52(4):550–71.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Malik P, Ferraz Dos Santos B, Girard F, Hovey R, Bedos C. Physical constraint in pediatric dentistry: the lived experience of parents. JDR Clin Trans Res. 2022;7(4):371–8.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Manopetchkasem A, Srimaneekarn N, Leelataweewud P, Smutkeeree A. Influence of past advanced behavior guidance experience on parental acceptance for autistic individuals in the dental setting. BMC Oral Health. 2023;23(1):23.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Marshall J, Sheller B, Mancl L, Williams BJ. Parental attitudes regarding behavior guidance of dental patients with autism. Pediatr Dent. 2008;30(5):400–7.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Massignan C, Soares JP, Pires MMDS, Dick B, Porporatti AL, Canto GDL, et al. Parental acceptance toward behavior guidance techniques for pediatric dental visits: a meta-analysis. Braz Oral Res. 2022;36: e0127.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

McKelvey VA, Morgaine KC, Thomson WM. Adults with intellectual disability: a mixed-methods investigation of their experiences of dental treatment under general anaesthetic. N Z Dent J. 2014;110(2):58–64.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ohtawa Y, Yoshida M, Fukuda K. Parental satisfaction with ambulatory anesthesia during dental treatment for disabled individuals and their preference for same in future. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll. 2019;60(1):53–60.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Oliveira ACB, Paiva SM, Pordeus IA. Parental acceptance of restraint methods used for children with intellectual disabilities during dental care. Spec Care Dentist. 2007;27(6):222–6.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Perlman SP, Wong A, Waldman HB, Friedman C, Webb J, Rader R, et al. From restraint to medical immobilization/protective stabilization. Dent Clin North Am. 2022;66(2):261–75.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Salmasi A, Harrison R, Brondani MA. They stole her teeth! an exploration of adults with developmental disability experiences with dental care. Spec Care Dentist. 2015;35(5):221–8.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Seangpadsa K, Smutkeeree A, Leelataweewud P. Parental acceptance of behavior management techniques for preschool children in dental practice: revisited. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2020;38(3):274–9.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sekhon M, Cartwright M, Francis JJ. Acceptability of healthcare interventions: an overview of reviews and development of a theoretical framework. BMC Health Serv Res. 2017;17:88.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shukla H, Kulkarni S, Wasnik MB, Rojekar N, Bhattad D, Kolekar P. Acceptance of parents for behavior management technique with reference to previous dental expertise and dental anxiety. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2021;14(Suppl 2):S193.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, O’Brien KK, Colquhoun H, Levac D, et al. PRISMA extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR): checklist and explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(7):467–73.

PubMed  Google Scholar