Funding

This research received no external funding.

Conflicts of Interest

Francesca Barei has acted as speaker and/or consultant for LeoPharma and Almirall. Anna Balato has served on scientific boards and/or has received fees for scientific consultations from: Abbvie, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, Eli‐Lilly, Novartis, and UCB. Andrea Chiricozzi has served as advisory board member and consultant and has received fees and speaker’s honoraria or has participated in clinical trials for AbbVie, Almirall, Bristol Myers Squibb, LeoPharma, Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, and Sanofi Genzyme. Silvia Mariel Ferrucci was a principal investigator in clinical trials for AbbVie, Almirall, Galderma, Leo Pharma, Sanofi, Amgen, Novartis, and Bayer and received honoraria for lectures from Novartis and Menarini. Caterina Foti has received personal fees from Abbvie, Sanofi, Eli-Lilly, Novartis, LeoPharma, Amgen, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Incyte, Pfizer, and Almirall. Luigi Gargiulo has been a consultant and/or speaker and has participated in advisory boards for Abbvie, Almirall, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Sanofi, and UCB Pharma. Marco Galluzzo has acted as speaker and/or consultant for AbbVie, Almirall, Eli-Lilly, Janssen-Cilag, LeoPharma, Novartis, and Sanofi, outside of the submitted work. Giampiero Girolomoni has received personal fees from AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli-Lilly, Leo Pharma, Merck Serono, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Samsung bioepis, and Sanofi. Niccolò Gori has served on advisory boards and received honoraria for speaking engagements for AbbVie, Sanofi, Leo-Pharma, Almirall, Pfizer, and Lilly. Mario Bruno Guanti has acted as speaker and/or consultant for AbbVie, Leopharma, Sanofi, Menarini, Lilly, and Almirall. Francesco Leo has no conflicts of interest to declare. Angelo Valerio Marzano reports consultancy/advisory boards disease-relevant honoraria fees from AbbVie, Amgen, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Incyte, Leopharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, and UCB. Luca Mastorino has been a consultant and/or speaker and has participated in advisory boards for Accord, Avène, LeoPharma, and Almirall Maddalena Napolitano reports consulting fees from Abbvie, Lilly, LEO Pharma, Almirall, Sanofi; payment/honoraria from Abbvie, Lilly, LEO Pharma, Almirall, and Sanofi; and participation on data safety monitoring boards/advisory boards from Lilly, Sanofi, LEO Pharma, Abbvie, and Almirall; and support for attending meetings/travel from Lilly. Alessandra Narcisi has served on advisory boards or received honoraria for lectures and research grants from Almirall, Abbvie, Leo Pharma, Celgene, Eli-Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, Sanofi‐Genzyme, Amgen and Boehringer Ingelheim. Michela Ortoncelli has acted as a speaker and/or consultant for AbbVie, Novartis, Sanofi, LeoPharma, Almirall, and Eli-Lilly. Cataldo Patruno has served as an advisory board member and consultant and has received speaker’s honoraria and fees for her participation in clinical trials for Abbvie, Almirall, Eli‐Lilly, LeoPharma, and Novartis. Elena Pezzolo has been a consultant and speaker for Sanofi Genzyme, AbbVie, LeoPharma, Novartis, Janssen, Almirall, Pfizer, Galderma, and Boehringer Ingelheim. Simone Ribero has acted as a speaker and/or consultant for AbbVie, Almirall, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli-Lilly, J&J, L’Oreal, LeoPharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, and Sanofi. Mariateresa Rossi has been a consultant and/or speaker, has participated in advisory boards, and received honoraria for lectures for Abbvie, Almirall, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Sanofi, and LeoPharma.

Ethics Approval

The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Department of Medicine at the University of Turin, with ethics committee approval number: 0006349 (18 January 2024).

Consent for Participation and Publication

Informed consent was provided by all subjects and parents involved in the study, for both participation and publication.

Data Availability:

Data will be made available on reasonable request.

Code Availability:

Not applicable.

Author Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation and data collection were performed by all authors. Data analyses were performed by Luca Mastorino. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Francesco Leo, Luca Mastorino, Michela Ortoncelli, and Simone Ribero, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.