Kafkafi N, Agassi J, Chesler EJ, Crabbe JC, Crusio WE, Eilam D, et al. Reproducibility and replicability of rodent phenotyping in preclinical studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2018;87:218–232.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bespalov A, Steckler T, Altevogt B, Koustova E, Skolnick P, Deaver D, et al. Failed trials for central nervous system disorders do not necessarily invalidate preclinical models and drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2016;15:516.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Spanagel R. Ten Points to Improve Reproducibility and Translation of Animal Research. Front Behav Neurosci. 2022;16:869511.

Meinhardt MW, Gerlach B, Spanagel R. Good Practice Guideline for Preclinical Alcohol Research: The STRINGENCY Framework. Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2024. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2024_484.

Dakwar E, Levin F, Hart CL, Basaraba C, Choi J, Pavlicova M, et al. A Single Ketamine Infusion Combined With Motivational Enhancement Therapy for Alcohol Use Disorder: A Randomized Midazolam-Controlled Pilot Trial. Am J Psychiatry. 2020;177:125–133.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Grabski M, McAndrew A, Lawn W, Marsh B, Raymen L, Stevens T, et al. Adjunctive Ketamine With Relapse Prevention-Based Psychological Therapy in the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2022;179:152–162.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Krystal JH, Petrakis IL, Webb E, Cooney NL, Karper LP, Namanworth S, et al. Dose-related ethanol-like effects of the NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in recently detoxified alcoholics. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1998;55:354–360.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Guiraud J, Spanagel R, van den Brink W. Substitution therapy for patients with alcohol dependence: Mechanisms of action and efficacy. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2024;175:187–239.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hundt W, Danysz W, Hölter SM, Spanagel R. Ethanol and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor complex interactions: a detailed drug discrimination study in the rat. Psychopharmacology. 1998;135:44–51.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chang F, Xu K, Huang MC, Krystal JH. Alcohol Triggers Re-emergence of Ketamine-Like Experience in A Ketamine Ex-user. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2017;37:110.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yang C, Shirayama Y, Zhang JC, Ren Q, Yao W, Ma M, et al. R-ketamine: a rapid-onset and sustained antidepressant without psychotomimetic side effects. Transl Psychiatry. 2015;5:e632.

Jelen LA, Young AH, Stone JM. Ketamine: A tale of two enantiomers. J Psychopharmacol. 2021;35:109–123.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Leal GC, Souza-Marques B, Mello RP, Bandeira ID, Caliman-Fontes AT, Carneiro BA, et al. Arketamine as adjunctive therapy for treatment-resistant depression: A placebo-controlled pilot study. J Affect Disord. 2023;330:7–15.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bhandage AK, Jin Z, Bazov I, Kononenko O, Bakalkin G, Korpi ER, et al. GABA-A and NMDA receptor subunit mRNA expression is altered in the caudate but not the putamen of the postmortem brains of alcoholics. Front Cell Neurosci. 2014;8:415.

Jin Z, Bhandage AK, Bazov I, Kononenko O, Bakalkin G, Korpi ER, et al. Selective increases of AMPA, NMDA, and kainate receptor subunit mRNAs in the hippocampus and orbitofrontal cortex but not in prefrontal cortex of human alcoholics. Front Cell Neurosci. 2014;8:11.

Kupila J, Kärkkäinen O, Laukkanen V, Häkkinen M, Kautiainen H, Tiihonen J, et al. 3H]Ifenprodil binding in post-mortem brains of Cloninger type 1 and 2 alcoholics: a whole-hemisphere autoradiography study. Psychiatry Res. 2015;231:197–201.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Spanagel R, Hölter SM. Long-term alcohol self-administration with repeated alcohol deprivation phases: An animal model of alcoholism? Alcohol Alcohol. 1999;34:231–243.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vengeliene V, Celerier E, Chaskiel L, Penzo F, Spanagel R. Compulsive alcohol drinking in rodents. Addiction Biol. 2009;14:384–396.

Article  Google Scholar 

Vengeliene V, Bilbao A, Spanagel R. The alcohol deprivation effect model for studying relapse behavior: A comparison between rats and mice. Alcohol. 2014;48:313–320.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Spanagel R. Animal models of addiction. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2017;19:247–258.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Foo J, Meinhardt MW, Skorodumov I, Spanagel R. Alcohol solution strength preference predicts compulsive-like drinking in rats. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2022;46:1710–9.

Hölter SM, Spanagel R. Effects of opiate antagonist treatment on the alcohol deprivation effect in long-term ethanol-experienced rats. Psychopharmacology. 1999;145:360–369.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Spanagel R, Hölter SM, Allingham K, Landgraf R, Zieglgänsberger W. Acamprosate and alcohol: I. Effects on alcohol intake following alcohol deprivation in the rat. Eur J Pharm. 1996;305:39–44.

Article  Google Scholar 

Spanagel R, Vengeliene V, Jandeleit B, Fischer WN, Grindstaff K, Zhang X, et al. Acamprosate produces its anti-relapse effects via calcium. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2014;39:783–791.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Eisenhardt M, Leixner S, Luján R, Spanagel R, Bilbao A. Glutamate Receptors within the Mesolimbic Dopamine System Mediate Alcohol Relapse Behavior. J Neurosci. 2015;35:15523–15538.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Henniger MSH, Wotjak CT, Hölter SM. Long-term voluntary ethanol drinking increases expression of NMDA receptor 2B subunits in rat frontal cortex. Eur J Pharm. 2003;470:33–36.

Article  Google Scholar 

Vengeliene V, Bachteler D, Danysz W, Spanagel R. The role of the NMDA receptor in alcohol relapse: a pharmacological mapping study using the alcohol deprivation effect. Neuropharmacology. 2005;48:822–829.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Raeder H, Holter SM, Hartmann AM, Spanagel R, Moller HJ, Rujescu D. Expression of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor subunits and splice variants in an animal model of long-term voluntary alcohol self-administration. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2008;96:16–21.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hölter SM, Engelmann M, Kirschke C, Liebsch G, Landgraf R, Spanagel R. Long-term ethanol self-administration with repeated ethanol deprivation episodes changes ethanol drinking pattern and increases anxiety-related behaviour during ethanol deprivation in rats. Behav Pharmacol. 1998;9:41–48.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vengeliene V, Leonardi-Essmann F, Sommer WH, Marston HM, Spanagel R. Glycine transporter-1 blockade leads to persistently reduced relapse-like alcohol drinking in rats. Biol Psychiatry. 2010;68:704–711.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sanchis-Segura C, Becker JB. Why we should consider sex (and study sex differences) in addiction research. Addiction Biol. 2016;21:995–1006.

Article  Google Scholar 

Crowley NA, Magee SN, Feng M, Jefferson SJ, Morris CJ, Dao NC, et al. Ketamine normalizes binge drinking-induced defects in glutamatergic synaptic transmission and ethanol drinking behavior in female but not male mice. Neuropharmacology. 2019;149:35–44.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Saland SK, Kabbaj M. Sex Differences in the Pharmacokinetics of Low-dose Ketamine in Plasma and Brain of Male and Female Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Therapeutics. 2018;367:393–404.

Article  Google Scholar 

McPheeters M, O’Connor EA, Riley S, Kennedy SM, Voisin C, Kuznacic K, et al. Pharmacotherapy for Alcohol Use Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA. 2023;330:1653–1665.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gamo NJ, Birknow MR, Sullivan D, Kondo MA, Horiuchi Y, Sakurai T, et al. Valley of death: A proposal to build a ‘translational bridge’ for the next generation. Neurosci Res. 2017;115:1–4.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wilkinson MD, Dumontier M, Aalbersberg IjJ, Appleton G, Axton M, Baak A, et al. Comment: The FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship. Sci Data. 2016;3:1–9.

Article  Google Scholar 

Briggs K, Bosc N, Camara T, Diaz C, Drew P, Drewe WC, et al. Guidelines for FAIR sharing of preclinical safety and off-target pharmacology data. ALTEX. 2021;38:187–197.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ponton E, Turecki G, Nagy C. Sex Differences in the Behavioral, Molecular, and Structural Effects of Ketamine Treatment in Depression. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2022;25:75–84.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wright KN, Kabbaj M. Sex differences in sub-anesthetic ketamine’s antidepressant effects and abuse liability. Curr Opin Behav Sci. 2018;23:36–41.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ebert B, Mikkelsen S, Thorkildsen C, Borgbjerg FM. Norketamine, the main metabolite of ketamine, is a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist in the rat cortex and spinal cord. Eur J Pharm. 1997;333:99–104.

Article  Google Scholar 

Spanagel R, Vengeliene V. New pharmacological treatment strategies for relapse prevention. Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2013;13:583–60