Petersen, M. C. & Shulman, G. I. Mechanisms of insulin action and insulin resistance. Physiol. Rev. 98, 2133–2223 (2018).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Santoro, A., McGraw, T. E. & Kahn, B. B. Insulin action in adipocytes, adipose remodeling, and systemic effects. Cell Metab. 33, 748–757 (2021).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Mathieu, C., Martens, P. J. & Vangoitsenhoven, R. One hundred years of insulin therapy. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 17, 715–725 (2021).
Boucher, J., Kleinridders, A. & Kahn, C. R. Insulin receptor signaling in normal and insulin-resistant states. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol. 6, a009191 (2014).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
White, M. F. & Kahn, C. R. Insulin action at a molecular level — 100 years of progress. Mol. Metab. 52, 101304 (2021).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Kasuga, M., Karlsson, F. A. & Kahn, C. R. Insulin stimulates the phosphorylation of the 95,000-dalton subunit of its own receptor. Science 215, 185–187 (1982).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Haeusler, R. A., McGraw, T. E. & Accili, D. Biochemical and cellular properties of insulin receptor signalling. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 19, 31–44 (2018).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Kasuga, M., Zick, Y., Blithe, D. L., Crettaz, M. & Kahn, C. R. Insulin stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of the insulin receptor in a cell-free system. Nature 298, 667–669 (1982).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
White, M. F., Maron, R. & Kahn, C. R. Insulin rapidly stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of a Mr-185,000 protein in intact cells. Nature 318, 183–186 (1985).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Sun, X. J. et al. Structure of the insulin receptor substrate IRS-1 defines a unique signal transduction protein. Nature 352, 73–77 (1991).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Siddle, K. Signalling by insulin and IGF receptors: supporting acts and new players. J. Mol. Endocrinol. 47, R1–R10 (2011).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
De Meyts, P. in Endotext (eds Feingold, K. R. et al.) (MDText, 2016).
Accili, D. et al. Early neonatal death in mice homozygous for a null allele of the insulin receptor gene. Nat. Genet. 12, 106–109 (1996).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Joshi, R. L. et al. Targeted disruption of the insulin receptor gene in the mouse results in neonatal lethality. EMBO J. 15, 1542–1547 (1996).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Bruning, J. C. et al. A muscle-specific insulin receptor knockout exhibits features of the metabolic syndrome of NIDDM without altering glucose tolerance. Mol. Cell 2, 559–569 (1998).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Lauro, D. et al. Impaired glucose tolerance in mice with a targeted impairment of insulin action in muscle and adipose tissue. Nat. Genet. 20, 294–298 (1998).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Bluher, M. et al. Adipose tissue selective insulin receptor knockout protects against obesity and obesity-related glucose intolerance. Dev. Cell 3, 25–38 (2002).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Michael, M. D. et al. Loss of insulin signaling in hepatocytes leads to severe insulin resistance and progressive hepatic dysfunction. Mol. Cell 6, 87–97 (2000).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Kulkarni, R. N. et al. Tissue-specific knockout of the insulin receptor in pancreatic β cells creates an insulin secretory defect similar to that in type 2 diabetes. Cell 96, 329–339 (1999).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Guerra, C. et al. Brown adipose tissue-specific insulin receptor knockout shows diabetic phenotype without insulin resistance. J. Clin. Invest. 108, 1205–1213 (2001).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Bruning, J. C. et al. Role of brain insulin receptor in control of body weight and reproduction. Science 289, 2122–2125 (2000).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Liu, J. P., Baker, J., Perkins, A. S., Robertson, E. J. & Efstratiadis, A. Mice carrying null mutations of the genes encoding insulin-like growth factor I (Igf-1) and type 1 IGF receptor (Igf1r). Cell 75, 59–72 (1993).
Kitamura, T. et al. Preserved pancreatic β-cell development and function in mice lacking the insulin receptor-related receptor. Mol. Cell Biol. 21, 5624–5630 (2001).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Nef, S. et al. Testis determination requires insulin receptor family function in mice. Nature 426, 291–295 (2003).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Barbieri, M., Bonafe, M., Franceschi, C. & Paolisso, G. Insulin/IGF-I-signaling pathway: an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of longevity from yeast to humans. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 285, E1064–E1071 (2003).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Lagueux, M., Lwoff, L., Meister, M., Goltzene, F. & Hoffmann, J. A. cDNAs from neurosecretory cells of brains of Locusta migratoria (Insecta, Orthoptera) encoding a novel member of the superfamily of insulins. Eur. J. Biochem. 187, 249–254 (1990).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Viola, C. M. et al. Structural conservation of insulin/IGF signalling axis at the insulin receptors level in Drosophila and humans. Nat. Commun. 14, 6271 (2023).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Smykal, V. et al. Complex evolution of insect insulin receptors and homologous decoy receptors, and functional significance of their multiplicity. Mol. Biol. Evol. 37, 1775–1789 (2020).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Altindis, E. et al. Viral insulin-like peptides activate human insulin and IGF-1 receptor signaling: a paradigm shift for host-microbe interactions. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 115, 2461–2466 (2018).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ullrich, A. et al. Human insulin receptor and its relationship to the tyrosine kinase family of oncogenes. Nature 313, 756–761 (1985).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Ebina, Y. et al. The human insulin receptor cDNA: the structural basis for hormone-activated transmembrane signalling. Cell 40, 747–758 (1985).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Ullrich, A. et al. Insulin-like growth factor I receptor primary structure: comparison with insulin receptor suggests structural determinants that define functional specificity. EMBO J. 5, 2503–2512 (1986).
Comments (0)