Gorelick PB, Wong KS, Bae H-J, Pandey DK (2008) Large artery intracranial occlusive disease. Stroke 39:2396–2399. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.107.505776

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Saini V, Guada L, Yavagal DR (2021) Global Epidemiology of Stroke and Access to acute ischemic stroke interventions. Neurology 97. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000012781

Marulanda-Londoño E, Chaturvedi S (2016) Stroke due to large vessel atherosclerosis. Neurol Clin Pract 6:252–258. https://doi.org/10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000247

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kang D-H, Yoon W, Kim SK et al (2019) Endovascular treatment for emergent large vessel occlusion due to severe intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. J Neurosurg 130:1949–1956. https://doi.org/10.3171/2018.1.JNS172350

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kang D-H, Yoon W, Baek BH et al (2020) Front-line thrombectomy for acute large-vessel occlusion with underlying severe intracranial stenosis: stent retriever versus contact aspiration. J Neurosurg 132:1202–1208. https://doi.org/10.3171/2019.1.JNS182905

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Al Kasab S, Almadidy Z, Spiotta AM et al (2017) Endovascular treatment for AIS with underlying ICAD. J Neurointerv Surg 9:948–951. https://doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2016-012529

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kang D-H, Kim Y-W, Hwang Y-H et al (2014) Instant reocclusion following mechanical thrombectomy of in situ thromboocclusion and the role of low-dose intra-arterial tirofiban. Cerebrovasc Dis 37:350–355. https://doi.org/10.1159/000362435

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Adams HP, Bendixen BH, Kappelle LJ et al (1993) Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment. Stroke 24:35–41. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.24.1.35

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wong KS, Caplan LR, Kim JS (2016) Stroke Mechanisms. pp 58–71

Takaya N, Yuan C, Chu B et al (2006) Association between Carotid Plaque characteristics and subsequent ischemic cerebrovascular events. Stroke 37:818–823. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000204638.91099.91

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schwarz M, Meade G, Stoll P et al (2006) Conformation-specific blockade of the integrin GPIIb/IIIa. Circ Res 99:25–33. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.RES.0000232317.84122.0c

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yang M, Huo X, Miao Z, Wang Y (2019) Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitor Tirofiban in Acute ischemic stroke. Drugs. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-019-01078-0

Baek BH, Yoon W, Lee YY et al (2021) Intravenous tirofiban infusion after Angioplasty and Stenting in Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis-related stroke. Stroke 52:1601–1608. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.033551

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bu Z, Sun D, Ma G et al (2024) The impact of intraarterial, intravenous, and combined tirofiban on endovascular treatment for acute intracranial atherosclerotic occlusion. Front Neurol 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2024.1336098

Garayzade R, Berlis A, Schiele S et al (2023) Comparison of Safety and Efficacy after Emergency Stenting in patients exhibiting intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis Associated with large-vessel occlusion with and without intravenous infusion of Tirofiban. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 46:377–384. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-023-03372-7

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Huo X, Raynald, Wang A et al (2021) Safety and Efficacy of Tirofiban for Acute ischemic stroke patients with large artery atherosclerosis stroke etiology undergoing endovascular therapy. Front Neurol 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2021.630301

Kim Y-W, Sohn S-I, Yoo J et al (2020) Local tirofiban infusion for remnant stenosis in large vessel occlusion: tirofiban ASSIST study. BMC Neurol 20:284. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-020-01864-4

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pan X, Xu M, Fei Y et al (2022) Influence of tirofiban on stroke outcome after mechanical thrombectomy in acute vertebrobasilar artery occlusion. BMC Neurol 22:460. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-022-02996-5

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sang H, Xie D, Tian Y et al (2023) Association of Tirofiban with Functional outcomes after Thrombectomy in Acute Ischemic Stroke due to Intracranial atherosclerotic disease. Neurology 100. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000207194

Sun C, Li X, Zhao Z et al (2019) Safety and Efficacy of Tirofiban Combined with Mechanical Thrombectomy depend on ischemic stroke etiology. Front Neurol 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2019.01100

Sun Z, Huang S, Li W et al (2024) Preoperative and intraoperative tirofiban during endovascular thrombectomy in large vessel occlusion stroke due to large artery atherosclerosis. Eur J Neurol 31. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.16419

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yan Z, Shi Z, Wang Y et al (2020) Efficacy and safety of low-dose Tirofiban for Acute Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis related occlusion with residual stenosis after Endovascular Treatment. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 29:104619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.104619

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yang J, Wu Y, Gao X et al (2020) Intraarterial Versus Intravenous Tirofiban as an Adjunct to Endovascular Thrombectomy for Acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 51:2925–2933. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.120.029994

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang S, Hao Y, Tian X et al (2019) Safety of Intra-arterial Tirofiban Administration in ischemic stroke patients after unsuccessful mechanical thrombectomy. J Vasc Interv Radiol 30:141–147e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2018.08.021

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhu X, Guo Z, Tian L et al (2024) Efficacy and safety of tirofiban combined with endovascular therapy for basilar artery occlusion stroke due to large artery atherosclerosis. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 33:107526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107526

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Higgins J, Thomas J, Chandler J et al (2023) Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. In: Cochrane

Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG (2010) Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Int J Surg 8:336–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2010.02.007

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM et al (2021) The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71

Ouzzani M, Hammady H, Fedorowicz Z, Elmagarmid A (2016) Rayyan—a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Syst Rev 5:210. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-016-0384-4

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Brown P, Brunnhuber K, Chalkidou K et al (2006) How to formulate research recommendations. BMJ 333:804–806. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.38987.492014.94

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ et al (2019) Updated guidance for trusted systematic reviews: a new edition of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.ED000142

Luo D, Wan X, Liu J, Tong T (2018) Optimally estimating the sample mean from the sample size, median, mid-range, and/or mid-quartile range. Stat Methods Med Res 27:1785–1805. https://doi.org/10.1177/0962280216669183

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wan X, Wang W, Liu J, Tong T (2014) Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from the sample size, median, range and/or interquartile range. BMC Med Res Methodol 14:135. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-14-135

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Higgins JPT, Altman DG, Gotzsche PC et al (2011) The Cochrane collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ 343:d5928–d5928. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d5928

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sterne JA, Hernán MA, Reeves BC et al (2016) ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions.BMJ i4919. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i4919

Turc G, Bhogal P, Fischer U et al (2023) European Stroke Organisation (ESO) - European Society for Minimally Invasive Neurological Therapy (ESMINT) guidelines on mechanical thrombectomy in Acute ischemic stroke. J Neurointerv Surg 15:e8–e8. https://doi.org/10.1136/neurintsurg-2018-014569

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Saver JL, Chaisinanunkul N, Campbell BCV et al (2021) Standardized nomenclature for Modified Rankin Scale Global disability outcomes: Consensus recommendations from Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable XI. Stroke 52:3054–3062. https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.121.034480

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Higgins JPT (2003) Measuring incons