National Criminal Justice Association. An overview: Community violence intervention strategies. 2021. https://www.ncja.org/_files/ugd/cda224_c5b96183fb614e9692f99513646abd0d.pdf?index=true. Accessed 1 Nov 2024.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC web-based injury statistics query and reporting system (WISQARS). https://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/index.html). Accessed 13 May 2024.

Miller TR, Cohen MA, Swedler DI, Ali B, Hendrie DV. Incidence and costs of personal and property crimes in the USA, 2017. J Benefit Cost Anal. 2021;12(1):24–54. https://doi.org/10.1017/bca.2020.36.

Article  Google Scholar 

Smith LS, Wilkins NJ, McClure RJ. A systemic approach to achieving population-level impact in injury and violence prevention. Syst Res Behav Sci. 2021;38(1):21–30. https://doi.org/10.1002/sres.2668.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gobaud AN, Jacobowitz AL, Mehranbod CA, Sprague NL, Branas CC, Morrison CN. Place-based interventions and the epidemiology of violence prevention. Curr Epidemiol Rep. 2022;9(4):316–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40471-022-00301-z.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Moyer R, MacDonald JM, Ridgeway G, Branas CC. Effect of remediating blighted vacant land on shootings: A citywide cluster randomized trial. Am J Public Health. 2019;109(1):140–4. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2018.304752.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jay J, Miratrix LW, Branas CC, Zimmerman MA, Hemenway D. Urban building demolitions, firearm violence and drug crime. J Behav Med. 2019;42(4):626–34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-019-00031-6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Branas CC, South E, Kondo MC, et al. Citywide cluster randomized trial to restore blighted vacant land and its effects on violence, crime, and fear. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018;115(12):2946–51. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1718503115.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Stacy CP. The effect of vacant building demolitions on crime under depopulation. J Reg Sci. 2018;58(1):100–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/jors.12350.

Article  Google Scholar 

South EC, MacDonald J, Reina V. Association between structural housing repairs for low-income homeowners and neighborhood crime. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(7):e2117067. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.17067.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Heinze JE, Krusky-Morey A, Vagi KJ, et al. Busy streets theory: The effects of community-engaged greening on violence. Am J Community Psychol. 2018;62(1–2):101–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12270.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kondo M, Hohl B, Han S, Branas C. Effects of greening and community reuse of vacant lots on crime. Urban Stud. 2016;53(15):3279–95. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098015608058.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Beam DR, Szabo A, Olson J, Hoffman L, Beyer KMM. Vacant lot to community garden conversion and crime in Milwaukee: A difference-in-differences analysis. Inj Prev. 2021;27(5):403–8. https://doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2020-043767.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Aiyer SM, Zimmerman MA, Morrel-Samuels S, Reischl TM. From broken windows to busy streets: A community empowerment perspective. Health Educ Behav. 2015;42(2):137–47. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198114558590.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jacobs J. The death and life of great American cities. Inc.: Random House; 1961.

Google Scholar 

McMillen D, Sarmiento-Barbieri I, Singh R. Do more eyes on the street reduce Crime? Evidence from Chicago’s Safe Passage program. J Urban Econ. 2019;110:1–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2019.01.001.

Article  Google Scholar 

Cohen DA, Inagami S, Finch B. The built environment and collective efficacy. Health Place. 2008;14(2):198–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2007.06.001.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sampson RJ, Raudenbush SW, Earls F. Neighborhoods and violent crime: A multilevel study of collective efficacy. Science. 1997;277(5328):918–24. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.277.5328.918.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cullen F, Wilcox P. Encyclopedia of criminological theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Inc.: SAGE Publications; 2010.

Chalfin A, Hansen B, Lerner J, Parker L. Reducing crime through environmental design: Evidence from a randomized experiment of street lighting in New York City. J Quant Criminol. 2022;38(1):127–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-020-09490-6.

Article  Google Scholar 

Petersen ML, Porter KE, Gruber S, Wang Y, van der Laan MJ. Diagnosing and responding to violations in the positivity assumption. Stat Methods Med Res. 2012;21(1):31–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/0962280210386207.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

NYC Open Data. Data from: NYPD complaint data historic. 2024. https://data.cityofnewyork.us/Public-Safety/NYPD-Complaint-Data-Historic/qgea-i56i/about_data. Accessed 1 Nov 2024.

Chapter 40: Penal. The New York State Senate. Updated September 22, 2014. https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/PEN/P3. Accessed 17 May 2024.

NYC Open Data. Data from: Street and highway capital reconstruction projects - block. 2023. https://data.cityofnewyork.us/Transportation/Street-and-Highway-Capital-Reconstruction-Projects/jvk9-k4re/about_data. Accessed 1 Nov 2024.

New York City Department of Transportation. Street and roadway construction. https://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/infrastructure/construction.shtml. Accessed 5 Feb 2024.

New York City Department of Transportation. Street design manual: Capital projects. https://www.nycstreetdesign.info/process/capital-projects. Accessed 5 Feb 2024.

Goin DE, Riddell CA. Comparing two-way fixed effects and new estimators for difference-in-differences: A simulation study and empirical example. Epidemiology. 2023;34(4). https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0000000000001611

Goodman-Bacon A. Difference-in-differences with variation in treatment timing. J Econom. 2021;225(2):254–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2021.03.014.

Article  Google Scholar 

Callaway B, Sant’Anna PHC. Difference-in-differences with multiple time periods. J Econom. 2021;225(2):200–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2020.12.001

New York City Department of Environmental Protection. Construction noise rules regulations & forms. https://www.nyc.gov/site/dep/environment/construction-noise-rules-regulations.page. Accessed 7 Oct 2024.

Branas CC, Kondo MC, Murphy SM, South EC, Polsky D, MacDonald JM. Urban blight remediation as a cost-beneficial solution to firearm violence. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(12):2158–64. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2016.303434.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

New York City Department of Transportation. Protected streets. https://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/infrastructure/protectedst.shtml. Accessed 13 Feb 2024.

New York City Department of Transportation. Street works manual. https://streetworksmanual.nyc/. Accessed 14 Feb 2023.