Is Income and Racial Residential Segregation Associated with 13-Year Changes in Body Mass Index? A Longitudinal Analysis in the Brazilian Pró-Saúde Cohort Study

Okunogbe A, Nugent R, Spencer G, Powis J, Ralston J, Wilding J. Economic impacts of overweight and obesity: current and future estimates for 161 countries. BMJ Glob Health. 2022;7(9):e009773. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009773.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

World Health Organization W. Fact sheets_Obesity and overweight. 2024. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight#:~:text=In%202022%2C%202.5%20billion%20adults,age%20of%205%20were%20overweight. Accessed 17 Mar 2024.

Latin America and the Caribbean - Regional Overview of Food Security and Nutrition 2023. FAO; IFAD; UNICEF; WFP; PAHO; 2023. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc8514en.

United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World urbanization prospects: The 2018 Revision, Online Edition. 2018. https://population.un.org/wup/Download/. Accessed 15 Jul 2024.

Estivaleti JM, Guzman-Habinger J, Lobos J, et al. Time trends and projected obesity epidemic in Brazilian adults between 2006 and 2030. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):12699. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-16934-5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Diez Roux AV, Mair C. Neighborhoods and health: neighborhoods and health. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010;1186(1):125–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05333.x.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Massey DS, Denton NA. The dimensions of residential segregation. Soc Forces. 1988;67(2):281. https://doi.org/10.2307/2579183.

Article  Google Scholar 

Barber S, Diez Roux AV, Cardoso L, et al. At the intersection of place, race, and health in Brazil: residential segregation and cardio-metabolic risk factors in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Soc Sci Med. 2018;199:67–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.05.047.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Telles EE. Race in another America: the significance of skin color in Brazil. Princeton University Press; 2004.

Williams DR, Collins C. Racial residential segregation: a fundamental cause of racial disparities in health. Public Health Rep. 2001;116(5):404–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0033-3549(04)50068-7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Guimarães JMN, Yamada G, Barber S, et al. Racial inequities in self-rated health across Brazilian cities: does residential segregation play a role? Am J Epidemiol. 2022;191(6):1071–80. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwac001.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sousa Filho JFD, Pedeira SC, Santos GFD, et al. Racial and economic segregation in Brazil: a nationwide analysis of socioeconomic and socio-spatial inequalities. Rev Bras Estud Popul. 2023;40:1–24. https://doi.org/10.20947/S0102-3098a0247.

Article  Google Scholar 

Oberti M, Préteceille E. La ségrégation urbaine. La Découverte; 2016.

Marques E, França D. Segregation by class and race in São Paulo. In: Musterd S, editor. Handbook of urban segregation. Edward Elgar Publishing; 2020. https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/usd/handbook-of-urban-segregation-9781788115599.html. Accessed 11 Mar 2024.

França DS do N. Segregação racial em São Paulo: residências, redes pessoais e trajetórias urbanas de negros e brancos no século XXI. Open Access; 2022.

Chang VW. Racial residential segregation and weight status among US adults. Soc Sci Med. 2006;63(5):1289–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.03.049.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kershaw KN, Albrecht SS. Metropolitan-level ethnic residential segregation, racial identity, and body mass index among U.S. Hispanic adults: a multilevel cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2014;14(1):283. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-283.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Do DP, Moore K, Barber S, Diez RA. Neighborhood racial/ethnic segregation and BMI: a longitudinal analysis of the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Int J Obes. 2019;43(8):1601–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-019-0322-3.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kershaw KN, Albrecht SS, Carnethon MR. Racial and ethnic residential segregation, the neighborhood socioeconomic environment, and obesity among Blacks and Mexican Americans. Am J Epidemiol. 2013;177(4):299–309. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kws372.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pool LR, Carnethon MR, Goff DC, Gordon-Larsen P, Robinson WR, Kershaw KN. Longitudinal associations of neighborhood-level racial residential segregation with obesity among Blacks. Epidemiology. 2018;29(2):207–14. https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0000000000000792.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bower KM, Thorpe RJ, Yenokyan G, McGinty EEE, Dubay L, Gaskin DJ. Racial residential segregation and disparities in obesity among women. J Urban Health. 2015;92(5):843–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-015-9974-z.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kershaw KN, Pender AE. Racial/ethnic residential segregation, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. Curr Diab Rep. 2016;16(11):108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-016-0800-0.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lopes MS, Caiaffa WT, Andrade ACDS, Malta DC, Barber S, Friche AADL. Disparities in food consumption between economically segregated urban neighbourhoods. Public Health Nutr. 2020;23(3):525–37. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980019003501.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Santos MID, Santos GFD, Freitas A, et al. Urban income segregation and homicides: an analysis using Brazilian cities selected by the Salurbal project. SSM - Popul Health. 2021;14:100819. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100819.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nogueira MC, Costa ALS, Reis JLDO, Pereira Í. Associação entre segregação residencial racial e mortalidade por homicídio nos municípios de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Ciênc Saúde Coletiva. 2022;27(9):3637–46. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232022279.06982022.

Article  Google Scholar 

Sbaraini M, Cureau FV, Ritter JDA, et al. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among Brazilian adolescents over time: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Public Health Nutr. 2021;24(18):6415–26. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980021001464.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Goodman M, Lyons S, Dean LT, Arroyo C, Hipp JA. How segregation makes us fat: food behaviors and food environment as mediators of the relationship between residential segregation and individual body mass index. Front Public Health. 2018;6:92. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00092.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Guimarães JMN, Pescarini JM, Sousa Filho JFD, et al. Income segregation, conditional cash transfers, and breast cancer mortality among women in Brazil. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(1):e2353100. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.53100.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Guimarães JMN, Jackson JW, Barber S, et al. Racial inequities in the control of hypertension and the explanatory role of residential segregation: a decomposition analysis in the Brazilian longitudinal study of adult health (ELSA-Brasil). J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2024;11(2):1024–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-023-01582-w.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

de Sousa Filho JF, Silva UM, Lima LL, et al. Association of urban inequality and income segregation with COVID-19 mortality in Brazil. Guimaraes RM, ed. PLoS ONE. 2022;17(11):e0277441. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277441.

Faerstein E, Chor D, Lopes CDS, Werneck GL. The Pro-Saude Study: general characteristics and methodological aspects. Rev Bras Epidemiol. 2005;8(4):454–66. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1415-790X2005000400014.

Article  Google Scholar 

Getis A, Ord JK. The analysis of spatial association by use of distance statistics. Geogr Anal. 1992;24(3):189–206. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.1992.tb00261.x.

Article  Google Scholar 

Chor D, Andreozzi V, Fonseca MJM, et al. Social inequalities in BMI trajectories: 8-year follow-up of the Pró-Saúde study in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Public Health Nutr. 2015;18(17):3183–91. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980015001032.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Metten MA, Costet N, Multigner L, Viel JF, Chauvet G. Inverse probability weighting to handle attrition in cohort studies: some guidance and a call for caution. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2022;22(1):45. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-022-01533-9.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lovasi GS, Hutson MA, Guerra M, Neckerman KM. Built environments and obesity in disadvantaged populations. Epidemiol Rev. 2009;31(1):7–20. https://doi.org/10.1093/epirev/mxp005.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mujahid MS, Roux AVD, Shen M, et al. Relation between neighborhood environments and obesity in the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Am J Epidemiol. 2008;167(11):1349–57. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwn047.

Article  PubMed 

Comments (0)

No login
gif