Surkova E, Badano LP, Bellu R, Aruta P, Sambugaro F, Romeo G, Migliore F, Muraru D (2017) Left bundle branch block: from cardiac mechanics to clinical and diagnostic challenges. Europace 19(8):1251–1271

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pérez-Riera AR, Barbosa-Barros R, de Rezende Barbosa MPC, Daminello-Raimundo R, de Abreu LC, Nikus K (2019) Left bundle branch block: epidemiology, etiology, anatomic features, electrovectorcardiography, and classification proposal. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 24(2):e12572

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Auffret V, Martins RP, Daubert C, Leclercq C, Le Breton H, Mabo P, Donal E (2018) Idiopathic/Iatrogenic left bundle branch block-induced reversible left ventricle dysfunction: JACC state-of-the-art review. J Am Coll Cardiol 72(24):3177–3188

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Calle S, Timmermans F, De Pooter J (2022) Defining left bundle branch block according to the new 2021 European society of cardiology criteria. Neth Heart J 30(11):495–498

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tan NY, Witt CM, Oh JK, Cha YM (2020) Left bundle branch block: current and future perspectives. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 13(4):e008239

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sanna GD, Merlo M, Moccia E, Fabris E, Masia SL, Finocchiaro G, Parodi G, Sinagra G (2020) Left bundle branch block-induced cardiomyopathy: a diagnostic proposal for a poorly explored pathological entity. Int J Cardiol 299:199–205

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sanna GD, De Bellis A, Zecchin M, Beccu E, Carta P, Moccia E, Canonico ME, Parodi G, Sinagra G, Merlo M (2021) Prevalence, clinical and instrumental features of left bundle branch block-induced cardiomyopathy: the CLIMB registry. ESC Heart Fail 8(6):5589–5593

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lee SJ, McCulloch C, Mangat I, Foster E, De Marco T, Saxon LA (2003) Isolated bundle branch block and left ventricular dysfunction. J Card Fail 9(2):87–92

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Barake W, Witt CM, Vaidya VR, Cha YM (2019) Incidence and natural history of left bundle branch block induced cardiomyopathy. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 12(9):e007393

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Toquero J, Geelen P, Goethals M, Brugada P (2001) What is first, left bundle branch block or left ventricular dysfunction? J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 12(12):1425–1428

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kiehl EL, Menon V, Mandsager KT, Wolski KE, Wisniewski L, Nissen SE, Lincoff AM, Borer JS, Lüscher TF, Cantillon DJ (2019) Effect of left ventricular conduction delay on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality (from the PRECISION Trial). Am J Cardiol 124(7):1049–1055

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vaillant C, Martins RP, Donal E, Leclercq C, Thébault C, Behar N, Mabo P, Daubert JC (2013) Resolution of left bundle branch block-induced cardiomyopathy by cardiac resynchronization therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 61(10):1089–1095

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Escobar-Lopez L, Ochoa JP, Royuela A, Verdonschot JAJ, Dal Ferro M, Espinosa MA, Sabater-Molina M, Gallego-Delgado M, Larrañaga-Moreira JM, Garcia-Pinilla JM, Basurte-Elorz MT, Rodríguez-Palomares JF, Climent V, Bermudez-Jimenez FJ, Mogollón-Jiménez MV, Lopez J, Peña-Peña ML, Garcia-Alvarez A, López-Abel B, Ripoll-Vera T, Palomino-Doza J, Bayes-Genis A, Brugada R, Idiazabal U, Mirelis JG, Dominguez F, Henkens M, Krapels IPC, Brunner HG, Paldino A, Zaffalon D, Mestroni L, Sinagra G, Heymans SRB, Merlo M, Garcia-Pavia P (2022) Clinical risk score to predict pathogenic genotypes in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol 80(12):1115–1126

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ladenvall P, Andersson B, Dellborg M, Hansson PO, Eriksson H, Thelle D, Eriksson P (2015) Genetic variation at the human connexin 43 locus but not at the connexin 40 locus is associated with left bundle branch block. Open Heart 2(1):e000187

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Te Rijdt WP, Hoedemaekers YM, Jongbloed JDH, Damman K, van der Zwaag PA, de Boer RA, Maass AH, van den Berg MP (2019) Dyssynchronopathy can be a manifestation of heritable cardiomyopathy. Circ Genom Precis Med 12(5):e002528

Article  Google Scholar 

Cvijic M, Duchenne J, Unlu S, Michalski B, Aarones M, Winter S, Aakhus S, Fehske W, Stankovic I, Voigt JU (2018) Timing of myocardial shortening determines left ventricular regional myocardial work and regional remodelling in hearts with conduction delays. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 19(8):941–949

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sharma S, Barot HV, Schwartzman AD, Ganatra S, Shah SP, Venesy DM, Patten RD (2020) Risk and predictors of dyssynchrony cardiomyopathy in left bundle branch block with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. Clin Cardiol 43(12):1494–1500

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Atwater BD, Emerek K, Samad Z, Sze E, Black-Maier E, Loring Z, Ugander M, Liao L, Kisslo J, Søgaard P, Friedman DJ (2020) Predicting the development of reduced left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with left bundle branch block. Am J Cardiol 137:39–44

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Aleksova A, Carriere C, Zecchin M, Barbati G, Vitrella G, Di Lenarda A, Sinagra G (2014) New-onset left bundle branch block independently predicts long-term mortality in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy: data from the trieste heart muscle disease registry. Europace 16(10):1450–1459

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang NC, Singh M, Adelstein EC, Jain SK, Mendenhall GS, Shalaby AA, Voigt AH, Saba S (2016) New-onset left bundle branch block-associated idiopathic nonischemic cardiomyopathy and left ventricular ejection fraction response to guideline-directed therapies: the NEOLITH study. Heart Rhythm 13(4):933–942

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sze E, Samad Z, Dunning A, Campbell KB, Loring Z, Atwater BD, Chiswell K, Kisslo JA, Velazquez EJ, Daubert JP (2018) Impaired recovery of left ventricular function in patients with cardiomyopathy and left bundle branch block. J Am Coll Cardiol 71(3):306–317

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

García-Rodeja Arias F, Gómez Otero MI, Bouzas Cruz N, García Vega D, González Ferrero T, Minguito-Carazo C, Martínez Monzonís A, González Juanatey JR, Rodríguez-Mañero M (2023) Effects of guideline-directed medical therapy in patients with left bundle branch block-induced cardiomyopathy. Rev Esp Cardiol 76(4):238–244

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang NC, Li JZ, Adelstein EC, Althouse AD, Sharbaugh MS, Jain SK, Mendenhall GS, Shalaby AA, Voigt AH, Saba S (2018) New-onset left bundle branch block-associated idiopathic nonischemic cardiomyopathy and time from diagnosis to cardiac resynchronization therapy: the NEOLITH II study. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 41(2):143–154

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vijayaraman P, Chung MK, Dandamudi G, Upadhyay GA, Krishnan K, Crossley G, Bova Campbell K, Lee BK, Refaat MM, Saksena S, Fisher JD, Lakkireddy D (2018) His bundle pacing. J Am Coll Cardiol 72(8):927–947

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Singh R, Devabhaktuni S, Ezzeddine F, Simon J, Khaira K, Dandamudi G (2020) His-bundle pacing: a novel treatment for left bundle branch block-mediated cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 31(10):2730–2736

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vijayaraman P, Sharma PS, Cano Ó, Ponnusamy SS, Herweg B, Zanon F, Jastrzebski M, Zou J, Chelu MG, Vernooy K, Whinnett ZI, Nair GM, Molina-Lerma M, Curila K, Zalavadia D, Haseeb A, Dye C, Vipparthy SC, Brunetti R, Moskal P, Ross A, van Stipdonk A, George J, Qadeer YK, Mumtaz M, Kolominsky J, Zahra SA, Golian M, Marcantoni L, Subzposh FA, Ellenbogen KA (2023) Comparison of left bundle branch area pacing and biventricular pacing in candidates for resynchronization therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol 82(3):228–241

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ponnusamy SS, Vijayaraman P (2021) Left bundle branch block-induced cardiomyopathy: insights from left bundle branch pacing. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 7(9):1155–1165

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, Gardner RS, Baumbach A, Böhm M, Burri H, Butler J, Čelutkienė J, Chioncel O, Cleland JGF, Coats AJS, Crespo-Leiro MG, Farmakis D, Gilard M, Heymans S, Hoes AW, Jaarsma T, Jankowska EA, Lainscak M, Lam CSP, Lyon AR, McMurray JJV, Mebazaa A, Mindham R, Muneretto C, Francesco Piepoli M, Price S, Rosano GMC, Ruschitzka F, Kathrine Skibelund A (2021) 2021 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J 42(36):3599–3726

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar