Allegre B, Therme P (2008) Confirmative study of a French version of the Exercise Dependence Scale-revised with a French population. Encephale 34(5):490–495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2007.08.004

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Anastassiadis C, Jones SL, Pruessner JC (2019) Imaging the pituitary in psychopathologies: a review of in vivo magnetic resonance imaging studies. Brain Struct Funct 224:2587–2601

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Argente J, Caballo N, Barrios V, Munoz M, Pozo J, Chowen J, Morande G, Hernandez M (1997) Multiple endocrine abnormalities of the growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor axis in patients with anorexia nervosa: effect of short-and long-term weight recuperation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 82(7):2084–2092

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Baranowska B, Kochanowski J (2018) Neuroendocrine aspects of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 39(3):172–178

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Barbarich-Marsteller NC, Foltin RW, Walsh BT (2011) Does anorexia nervosa resemble an addiction? Curr Drug Abuse Rev 4(3):197–200. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874473711104030197

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bozkurt Koseoglu S, Dinc Elibol F (2018) Does the pituitary gland volume change in polycystic ovary syndrome? Gynecol Obstet Invest 83(5):515–519

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Call C, Walsh BT, Attia E (2013) From DSM-IV to DSM-5: changes to eating disorder diagnoses. Curr Opin Psychiatry 26(6):532–536. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e328365a321

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Castellano AK, Powell JR, Cools MJ, Walton SR, Barnett RR, Delellis SM, Goldberg RL, Kane SF, Means GE, Zamora CA, Depenbrock PJ, Mihalik JP (2022) Relationship between anterior pituitary volume and IGF-1 serum levels in soldiers with mild traumatic brain injury history. Med Sci Sports Exerc 54(8):1364–1370. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0000000000002892

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Delvecchio G, Mandolini GM, Perlini C, Barillari M, Marinelli V, Ruggeri M, Altamura AC, Bellani M, Brambilla P (2018) Pituitary gland shrinkage in bipolar disorder: the role of gender. Compr Psychiatry 82:95–99

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dipla K, Kraemer RR, Constantini NW, Hackney AC (2021) Relative energy deficiency in sports (RED-S): elucidation of endocrine changes affecting the health of males and females. Hormones (athens) 20(1):35–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42000-020-00214-w

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Domoff SE, Meers MR, Koball AM, Musher-Eizenman DR (2014) The validity of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire: some critical remarks. Eat Weight Disord 19(2):137–144. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-013-0087-y

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Doraiswamy PM, Krishnan KR, Figiel GS, Husain MM, Boyko OB, Rockwell WJ, Ellinwood EH Jr (1990) A brain magnetic resonance imaging study of pituitary gland morphology in anorexia nervosa and bulimia. Biol Psychiatry 28(2):110–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3223(90)90628-f

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Estour B, Pugeat M, Lang F, Lejeune H, Broutin F, Pellet J, Rousset H, Tourniaire J (1990) Rapid escape of cortisol from suppression in response to i.v. dexamethasone in anorexia nervosa. Clin Endocrinol (oxf) 33(1):45–52

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Estour B, Germain N, Diconne E, Frere D, Cottet-Emard JM, Carrot G, Lang F, Galusca B (2010) Hormonal profile heterogeneity and short-term physical risk in restrictive anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 95(5):2203–2210

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fehrenbach U, Jadan A, Auer TA, Kreutz K, Geisel D, Ziagaki A, Bobbert T, Wiener E (2020) Obesity and pituitary gland volume—a correlation study using three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging. Neuroradiol J 33(5):400–409

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fink A, Vidmar S, Kumbla S, Pedreira C, Kanumakala S, Williams C, Carlin J, Cameron F (2005) Age-related pituitary volumes in prepubertal children with normal endocrine function: volumetric magnetic resonance data. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90(6):3274–3278

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Frankel RJ, Jenkins JS (1975) Hypothalamic-pituitary function in anorexia nervosa. Acta Endocrinol (copenh) 78(2):209–221. https://doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.0780209

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Frohman LA, Kineman RD (2002) Growth hormone-releasing hormone and pituitary development, hyperplasia and tumorigenesis. Trends Endocrinol Metab 13(7):299–303

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fujisawa I, Asato R, Nishimura K, Togashi K, Itoh K, Nakano Y, Itoh H, Hashimoto N, Takeuchi J, Torizuka K (1987) Anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary gland: assessment by 1.5 T MR imaging. J Comput Assist Tomogr 11(2):214–220

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Galusca B, Bossu C, Germain N, Kadem M, Frere D, Lafage-Proust MH, Lang F, Estour B (2006) Age-related differences in hormonal and nutritional impact on lean anorexia nervosa bone turnover uncoupling. Osteoporos Int 17(6):888–896

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Germain N, Genteuil CD, Belleton G, Da Silva TL, Exbrayat C, Degas F, Hammour A, Gay A, Ravey B, Massoubre C (2023) Continuous glucose monitoring assessment in patients suffering from anorexia nervosa reveals chronic prolonged mild hypoglycemia all over the nycthemeron. Eur Eat Disord Rev 31(3):402–412

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gianotti L, Lanfranco F, Ramunni J, Destefanis S, Ghigo E, Arvat E (2002) GH/IGF-I axis in anorexia nervosa. Eat Weight Disord Stud Anorexia Bulimia Obes 7:94–105

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Golden NH, Kreitzer P, Jacobson MS, Chasalow FI, Schebendach J, Freedman SM, Shenker IR (1994) Disturbances in growth hormone secretion and action in adolescents with anorexia nervosa. J Pediatr 125(4):655–660

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Grams AE, Gempt J, Stahl A, Förschler A (2010) Female pituitary size in relation to age and hormonal factors. Neuroendocrinology 92(2):128–132

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Guemmer R, Giel KE, Schag K, Resmark G, Junne FP, Becker S, Zipfel S, Teufel M (2015) High levels of physical activity in anorexia nervosa: a systematic review. Eur Eat Disord Rev 23(5):333–344

Article  Google Scholar 

Herholz K (1996) Neuroimaging in anorexia nervosa. Psychiatry Res 62(1):105–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(96)02990-3

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Isambert A, Dhermain F, Bidault F, Commowick O, Bondiau P-Y, Malandain G, Lefkopoulos D (2008) Evaluation of an atlas-based automatic segmentation software for the delineation of brain organs at risk in a radiation therapy clinical context. Radiother Oncol 87(1):93–99

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Karaca Z, Laway BA, Dokmetas HS, Atmaca H, Kelestimur F (2016) Sheehan syndrome. Nat Rev Dis Prim 2(1):1–15

Google Scholar 

Karavitaki N (2017) Diagnosis of pituitary disease. Medicine 45(8):464–469

Article  Google Scholar 

Karin O, Raz M, Alon U (2021) An opponent process for alcohol addiction based on changes in endocrine gland mass. iScience 24(3):102127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.102127

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kornreich L, Shapira A, Horev G, Danziger Y, Tyano S, Mimouni M (1991) CT and MR evaluation of the brain in patients with anorexia nervosa. Am J Neuroradiol 12(6):1213–1216

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kraemer WJ, Ratamess NA (2005) Hormonal responses and adaptations to resistance exercise and training. Sports Med 35(4):339–361. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200535040-00004

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Le Tissier P, Hodson D, Lafont C, Fontanaud P, Schaeffer M, Mollard P (2012) Anterior pituitary cell networks. Front Neuroendocrinol 33(3):252–266

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lorenzetti V, Lubman DI, Velakoulis D, Yücel M (2010) Pituitary gland volume among heroin users stabilised on substitution pharmacotherapy. Drug Alcohol Depend 110(1–2):164–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.02.012

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Machado PPP, Grilo CM, Rodrigues TF, Vaz AR, Crosby RD (2020) Eating disorder examination—questionnaire short forms: a comparison. Int J Eat Disord 53(6):937–944. https://doi.org/10.1002/eat.23275

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Malsagova KA, Kopylov AT, Sinitsyna AA, Stepanov AA, Izotov AA, Butkova TV, Chingin K, Klyuchnikov MS, Kaysheva AL (2021) Sports nutrition: diets, selection factors, recommendations. Nutrients 13(11):3771. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113771

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Maya J, Misra M (2022) The female athlete triad: review of current literature. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 29(1):44–51

Article