Anker SD, Butler J, Filippatos G, Ferreira JP, Bocchi E, Bohm M, Brunner-La Rocca HP, Choi DJ, Chopra V, Chuquiure-Valenzuela E, Giannetti N, Gomez-Mesa JE, Janssens S, Januzzi JL, Gonzalez-Juanatey JR, Merkely B, Nicholls SJ, Perrone SV, Pina IL, Ponikowski P, Senni M, Sim D, Spinar J, Squire I, Taddei S, Tsutsui H, Verma S, Vinereanu D, Zhang J, Carson P, Lam CSP, Marx N, Zeller C, Sattar N, Jamal W, Schnaidt S, Schnee JM, Brueckmann M, Pocock SJ, Zannad F, Packer M, Investigators EM-PT (2021) Empagliflozin in heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 385:1451–1461
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Hernandez AF, Hammill BG, O’Connor CM, Schulman KA, Curtis LH, Fonarow GC (2009) Clinical effectiveness of β-blockers in heart failure: findings from the OPTIMIZE-HF (Organized Program to Initiate Lifesaving Treatment in Hospitalized Patients with Heart Failure) registry. J Am Coll Cardiol 53:184–192
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Cleland JG, Tendera M, Adamus J, Freemantle N, Polonski L, Taylor J, Investigators P-C (2006) The perindopril in elderly people with chronic heart failure (PEP-CHF) study. Eur Heart J 27:2338–2345
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Pitt B, Pfeffer MA, Assmann SF, Boineau R, Anand IS, Claggett B, Clausell N, Desai AS, Diaz R, Fleg JL, Gordeev I, Harty B, Heitner JF, Kenwood CT, Lewis EF, O’Meara E, Probstfield JL, Shaburishvili T, Shah SJ, Solomon SD, Sweitzer NK, Yang S, McKinlay SM, Investigators T (2014) Spironolactone for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 370:1383–1392
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Massie BM, Carson PE, McMurray JJ, Komajda M, McKelvie R, Zile MR, Anderson S, Donovan M, Iverson E, Staiger C, Ptaszynska A (2008) Irbesartan in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 359:2456–2467
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Solomon SD, McMurray JJV, Anand IS, Ge J, Lam CSP, Maggioni AP, Martinez F, Packer M, Pfeffer MA, Pieske B, Redfield MM, Rouleau JL, van Veldhuisen DJ, Zannad F, Zile MR, Desai AS, Claggett B, Jhund PS, Boytsov SA, Comin-Colet J, Cleland J, Dungen HD, Goncalvesova E, Katova T, Kerr Saraiva JF, Lelonek M, Merkely B, Senni M, Shah SJ, Zhou J, Rizkala AR, Gong J, Shi VC, Lefkowitz MP (2019) Angiotensin-Neprilysin inhibition in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 381:1609–1620
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Sanders NA, Supiano MA, Lewis EF, Liu J, Claggett B, Pfeffer MA, Desai AS, Sweitzer NK, Solomon SD, Fang JC (2018) The frailty syndrome and outcomes in the TOPCAT trial. Eur J Heart Fail 20:1570–1577
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Khan H, Kalogeropoulos AP, Georgiopoulou VV, Newman AB, Harris TB, Rodondi N, Bauer DC, Kritchevsky SB, Butler J (2013) Frailty and risk for heart failure in older adults: the health, aging, and body composition study. Am Heart J 166:887–894
Sunaga A, Hikoso S, Yamada T, Yasumura Y, Uematsu M, Tamaki S, Abe H, Nakagawa Y, Higuchi Y, Fuji H, Mano T, Kurakami H, Yamada T, Kitamura T, Sato T, Oeun B, Kida H, Kojima T, Sotomi Y, Dohi T, Okada K, Suna S, Mizuno H, Nakatani D, Sakata Y, Investigators OC-HF (2021) Prognostic impact of Clinical Frailty Scale in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. ESC Heart Failure 8:3316–3326
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Sunaga A, Hikoso S, Tamaki S, Seo M, Yano M, Hayashi T, Nakagawa A, Nakagawa Y, Kurakami H, Yamada T, Kitamura T, Sato T, Oeun B, Kida H, Sotomi Y, Dohi T, Okada K, Mizuno H, Nakatani D, Yamada T, Yasumura Y, Sakata Y (2022) Association between prognosis and the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and/or angiotensin II receptor blockers in frail patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. ESC Heart Failure 9:1801–1811
Article PubMed Central Google Scholar
McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, Gardner RS, Baumbach A, Bohm M, Burri H, Butler J, Celutkiene J, Chioncel O, Cleland JGF, Coats AJS, Crespo-Leiro MG, Farmakis D, Gilard M, Heymans S, Hoes AW, Jaarsma T, Jankowska EA, Lainscak M, Lam CSP, Lyon AR, McMurray JJV, Mebazaa A, Mindham R, Muneretto C, Francesco Piepoli M, Price S, Rosano GMC, Ruschitzka F, Kathrine Skibelund A, Group ESCSD (2021) 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J 42:3599–3726
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Lund LH, Benson L, Dahlstrom U, Edner M, Friberg L (2014) Association between use of beta-blockers and outcomes in patients with heart failure and preserved ejection fraction. JAMA 312:2008–2018
Silverman DN, Plante TB, Infeld M, Callas PW, Juraschek SP, Dougherty GB, Meyer M (2019) Association of β-blocker use with heart failure hospitalizations and cardiovascular disease mortality among patients with heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction: a secondary analysis of the TOPCAT trial. JAMA Netw Open 2:e1916598
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Suna S, Hikoso S, Yamada T, Uematsu M, Yasumura Y, Nakagawa A, Takeda T, Kojima T, Kida H, Oeun B, Sunaga A, Kitamura T, Dohi T, Okada K, Mizuno H, Nakatani D, Iso H, Matsumura Y, Sakata Y (2020) Study protocol for the PURSUIT-HFpEF study: a Prospective, Multicenter, Observational Study of Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. BMJ Ppen 10:e038294
Lang RM, Badano LP, Mor-Avi V, Afilalo J, Armstrong A, Ernande L, Flachskampf FA, Foster E, Goldstein SA, Kuznetsova T, Lancellotti P, Muraru D, Picard MH, Rietzschel ER, Rudski L, Spencer KT, Tsang W, Voigt JU (2015) Recommendations for cardiac chamber quantification by echocardiography in adults: an update from the American Society of Echocardiography and the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 28:1–39 (e14)
Rockwood K, Song X, MacKnight C, Bergman H, Hogan DB, McDowell I, Mitnitski A (2005) A global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people. Canad Med Assoc J 173:489–495
Morley JE, Vellas B, van Kan GA, Anker SD, Bauer JM, Bernabei R, Cesari M, Chumlea WC, Doehner W, Evans J, Fried LP, Guralnik JM, Katz PR, Malmstrom TK, McCarter RJ, Gutierrez Robledo LM, Rockwood K, von Haehling S, Vandewoude MF, Walston J (2013) Frailty consensus: a call to action. J Am Med Dir Assoc 14:392–397
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Nagai T, Yoshikawa T, Saito Y, Takeishi Y, Yamamoto K, Ogawa H, Anzai T (2018) Clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of Japanese patients hospitalized for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction—a report from the Japanese heart failure syndrome with preserved ejection fraction (JASPER) registry. Circ J 82:1534–1545
Seo M, Yamada T, Tamaki S, Hikoso S, Yasumura Y, Higuchi Y, Nakagawa Y, Uematsu M, Abe H, Fuji H, Mano T, Nakatani D, Fukunami M, Sakata Y (2020) Prognostic significance of serum cholinesterase level in patients with acute decompensated heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: insights from the PURSUIT-HFpEF registry. J Am Heart Assoc 9:e014100
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Stekhoven DJ, Buhlmann P (2012) MissForest–non-parametric missing value imputation for mixed-type data. Bioinformatics 28:112–118
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Yamamoto K, Origasa H, Hori M, Investigators JD (2013) Effects of carvedilol on heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: the Japanese Diastolic Heart Failure Study (J-DHF). Eur J Heart Fail 15:110–118
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Sarma S, Stoller D, Hendrix J, Howden E, Lawley J, Livingston S, Adams-Huet B, Holmes C, Goldstein DS, Levine BD (2020) Mechanisms of chronotropic incompetence in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Circ Heart Fail 13:e006331
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Sarma S, Howden E, Lawley J, Samels M, Levine BD (2021) Central command and the regulation of exercise heart rate response in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Circulation 143:783–789
Parvaneh S, Howe CL, Toosizadeh N, Honarvar B, Slepian MJ, Fain M, Mohler J, Najafi B (2015) Regulation of cardiac autonomic nervous system control across frailty statuses: a systematic review. Gerontology 62:3–15
Chaves PH, Varadhan R, Lipsitz LA, Stein PK, Windham BG, Tian J, Fleisher LA, Guralnik JM, Fried LP (2008) Physiological complexity underlying heart rate dynamics and frailty status in community-dwelling older women. J Am Geriatr Soc 56:1698–1703
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Álvarez-Millán L, Lerma C, Castillo-Castillo D, Quispe-Siccha RM, Pérez-Pacheco A, Rivera-Sánchez J, Fossion R (2022) Chronotropic response and heart rate variability before and after a 160 m walking test in young, middle-aged, frail, and non-frail older adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health 19(14):8413
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Lauritsen J, Gustafsson F, Abdulla J (2018) Characteristics and long-term prognosis of patients with heart failure and mid-range ejection fraction compared with reduced and preserved ejection fraction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. ESC heart failure 5:685–694
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Steinberg BA, Zhao X, Heidenreich PA, Peterson ED, Bhatt DL, Cannon CP, Hernandez AF, Fonarow GC, Get With the Guidelines Scientific Advisory C and Investigators (2012) Trends in patients hospitalized with heart failure and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction: prevalence, therapies, and outcomes. Circulation 126:65–75
McIsaac DI, Taljaard M, Bryson GL, Beaule PE, Gagne S, Hamilton G, Hladkowicz E, Huang A, Joanisse JA, Lavallee LT, MacDonald D, Moloo H, Thavorn K, van Walraven C, Yang H, Forster AJ (2020) Frailty as a predictor of death or new disability after surgery: a prospective cohort study. Ann Surg 271:283–289
Flaatten H, Guidet B, Andersen FH, Artigas A, Cecconi M, Boumendil A, Elhadi M, Fjølner J, Joannidis M, Jung C, Leaver S, Marsh B, Moreno R, Oeyen S, Nalapko Y, Schefold JC, Szczeklik W, Walther S, Watson X, Zafeiridis T, de Lange DW (2021) Reliability of the Clinical Frailty Scale in very elderly ICU patients: a prospective European study. Ann Intensive Care 11:22
Comments (0)