Waking Up to the Issue! Research Inattention and Sex-Related Differences Warrant More Sleep Studies in Female Athletes

Sport Australia. AusPlay survey 2021. https://www.clearinghouseforsport.gov.au. Accessed 18 Feb 2022.

Statista. Number of athletes competing at the Tokyo 2020 Olympics in Japan as of July 2021, by gender. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1254529/japan-number-athletes-competing-tokyo-2020-olympics-by-gender/. Accessed 18 Feb 2022.

Statista. Number of NCAA student athletes in the United States in 2020, by gender. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1098761/student-athletes-by-gender/. Accessed 23 Mar 2022.

Sport Australia. AusPlay survey 2016. https://www.clearinghouseforsport.gov.au. Accessed 18 Feb 2022.

National Collegiate Athletics Association. Number of NCAA college athletes climbs again. https://www.ncaa.org/news/2015/10/29/number-of-ncaa-college-athletes-climbs-again.aspx. Accessed 23 Mar 2022.

Statista. Share of female participants in the Olympic Summer Games from 1900 to 2020. https://www.statista.com/statistics/531146/women-participants-in-olympic-summer-games/. Accessed 18 Feb 2022.

Forsyth J, Roberts CM, editors. The exercising female: science and its application. 1st ed. London: Routledge; 2018.

Google Scholar 

Miles KH, Clark B, Fowler PM, Miller J, Pumpa KL. Sleep practices implemented by team sport coaches and sports science support staff: a potential avenue to improve athlete sleep? J Sci Med Sport. 2019;22(7):748–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2019.01.008.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Juliff LE, Halson SL, Hebert JJ, Forsyth PL, Peiffer JJ. Longer sleep durations are positively associated with finishing place during a national multiday netball competition. J Strength Cond Res. 2018;32(1):189–94. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000001793.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hamlin MJ, Deuchrass RW, Olsen PD, Choukri MA, Marshall HC, Lizamore CA, et al. The effect of sleep quality and quantity on athlete’s health and perceived training quality. Front Sports Act Living. 2021;3: 705650. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2021.705650.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hirshkowitz M, Whiton K, Albert SM, Alessi C, Bruni O, DonCarlos L, et al. National Sleep Foundation’s sleep time duration recommendations: methodology and results summary. Sleep Health. 2015;1(1):40–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2014.12.010.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Spiegel K, Leproult R, Van Cauter E. Impact of sleep debt on metabolic and endocrine function. Lancet. 1999;354(9188):1435–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(99)01376-8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mejri M, Hammouda O, Chaouachi A, Zouaoui K, Rayana MB, Souissi N. Effects of two types of partial sleep deprivation on hematological responses during intermittent exercise: a pilot study. Sci Sports. 2014;29(5):266–74.

Article  Google Scholar 

Maquet P. The role of sleep in learning and memory. Science. 2001;294(5544):1048–52.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Watson A, Brickson S. Impaired sleep mediates the negative effects of training load on subjective well-being in female youth athletes. Sports Health. 2018;10(3):244–9.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Andrade A, Bevilacqua GG, Coimbra DR, Pereira FS, Brandt R. Sleep quality, mood and performance: a study of elite Brazilian volleyball athletes. J Sports Sci Med. 2016;15(4):601–5.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sufrinko A, Johnson EW, Henry LC. The influence of sleep duration and sleep-related symptoms on baseline neurocognitive performance among male and female high school athletes. Neuropsychology. 2016;30(4):484–91. https://doi.org/10.1037/neu0000250.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hajsalem M, Chtourou H, Aloui A, Hammouda O, Souissi N. Effects of partial sleep deprivation at the end of the night on anaerobic performances in judokas. Biol Rhythm Res. 2013;44(5):815–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/09291016.2012.756282.

Article  Google Scholar 

Mougin F, Simon-Rigaud ML, Davenne D, Renaud A, Garnier A, Kantelip JP, et al. Effects of sleep disturbances on subsequent physical performance. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1991;63(2):77–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00235173.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vlahoyiannis A, Aphamis G, Bogdanis GC, Sakkas GK, Andreou E, Giannaki CD. Deconstructing athletes’ sleep: a systematic review of the influence of age, sex, athletic expertise, sport type, and season on sleep characteristics. J Sport Health Sci. 2021;10(4):387–402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2020.03.006.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Roberts SSH, Teo W-P, Warmington SA. Effects of training and competition on the sleep of elite athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2019;53(8):513–22. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-099322.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gratwicke M, Miles KH, Pyne DB, Pumpa KL, Clark B. Nutritional interventions to improve sleep in team-sport athletes: a narrative review. Nutrients. 2021;13(5):1586. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051586.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bonnar D, Bartel K, Kakoschke N, Lang C. Sleep interventions designed to improve athletic performance and recovery: a systematic review of current approaches. Sports Med. 2018;48(3):683–703. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-017-0832-x.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Duffy JF, Cain SW, Chang AM, Phillips AJK, Munch MY, Gronfier C, et al. Sex difference in the near-24-hour intrinsic period of the human circadian timing system. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2011;108(S3):15602–8. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1010666108.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cain SW, Dennison CF, Zeitzer JM, Guzik AM, Khalsa SBS, Santhi N, et al. Sex differences in phase angle of entrainment and melatonin amplitude in humans. J Biol Rhythms. 2010;25(4):288–96. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748730410374943.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Johnson EO, Roth T, Schultz L, Breslau N. Epidemiology of DSM-IV insomnia in adolescence: lifetime prevalence, chronicity, and an emergent gender difference. Pediatrics. 2006;117(2):247–56. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2004-2629.

Article  Google Scholar 

Bezerra AG, Andersen ML, Pires GN, Banzoli CV, Polesel DN, Tufik S, et al. Hormonal contraceptive use and subjective sleep reports in women: an online survey. J Sleep Res. 2020;29(6): e12983. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.12983.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Guida M, Rega A, Vivone I, Saccone G, Sarno L, Di Carlo C, et al. Variations in sleep associated with different types of hormonal contraceptives. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2020;36(2):166–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/09513590.2019.1640204.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Insana SP, Montgomery-Downs HE. Sleep and sleepiness among first-time postpartum parents: a field- and laboratory-based multimethod assessment. Dev Psychobiol. 2013;55(4):361–72. https://doi.org/10.1002/dev.21040.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Beersma DGM, Gordijn MCM. Circadian control of the sleep–wake cycle. Physiol Behav. 2007;90(2–3):190–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.09.010.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Carskadon MA, Dement WC. Normal human sleep: an overview. In: Kryger MH, Roth T, Dement WC, editors. Principles and practice of sleep medicine. 5th ed. St Louis: Elsevier Saunders; 2005.

Google Scholar 

Frank MG, Benington JH. The role of sleep in memory consolidation and brain plasticity: dream or reality? Neuroscientist. 2006;12(6):477–88. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073858406293552.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Van Cauter E, Plat L, Copinschi G. Interrelations between sleep and the somatotropic axis. Sleep. 1998;21(6):553–66.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ryan T, Mlynczak S, Erickson T, Man SP, Man GC. Oxygen consumption during sleep: influence of sleep stage and time of night. Sleep. 1989;12(3):201–10.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tononi G, Cirelli C. Sleep and the price of plasticity: from synaptic and cellular homeostasis to memory consolidation and integration. Neuron. 2014;81(1):12–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2013.12.025.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vandekerckhove M, Wang Y-L. Emotion, emotion regulation and sleep: an intimate relationship. AIMS Neurosci. 2017;5(1):1–17. https://doi.org/10.3934/Neuroscience.2018.1.1.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Patel AK, Reddy V, Araujo JF. Physiology, sleep stages. StatPearls [Internet]. 2021.

Hrozanova M, Klöckner CA, Sandbakk Ø, Pallesen S, Moen F. Sex differences in sleep and influence of the menstrual cycle on women’s sleep in junior endurance athletes. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(6): e0253376. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0253376.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Carter JR, Gervais BM, Adomeit JL, Greenlund IM. Subjective and objective sleep differ in male and female collegiate athletes. Sleep Health. 2020;6(5):623–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2020.01.016.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Silva A, Narciso FV, Rosa JP, Rodrigues DF, Cruz AÂDS, Tufik S, et al. Gender differences in sleep patterns and sleep complaints of elite athletes. Sleep Sci. 2019;12(4):242–8. https://doi.org/10.5935/1984-0063.20190084.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sargent C, Lastella M, Halson SL, Roach GD. How much sleep does an elite athlete need? Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2020-0896.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Halson S, Johnston R, Appaneal R, Rogers M, Toohey L, Drew M, et al. Sleep quality in elite athletes: normative values, reliability and understanding contributors to poor sleep. Sports Med. 2022;52(2):417–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01555-1.

Article  PubMed 

Comments (0)

No login
gif