Agarwal A, Mulgund A, Hamada A, Chyatte MR. A unique view on male infertility around the globe. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2015;26(13):37. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-015-0032-1.

Article  Google Scholar 

Cannarella R, Condorelli RA, Mongioì LM, La Vignera S, Calogero AE. Molecular biology of spermatogenesis: novel targets of apparently idiopathic male infertility. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(5):1728.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Punab M, Poolamets O, Paju P, Vihljajev V, Pomm K, Ladva R, Korrovits P, Laan M. Causes of male infertility: a 9-year prospective monocentre study on 1737 patients with reduced total sperm counts. Hum Reprod. 2017;32(1):18–31. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dew284.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tüttelmann F, Ruckert C, Röpke A. Disorders of spermatogenesis: perspectives for novel genetic diagnostics after 20 years of unchanged routine. Med Genet. 2018;30(1):12–20.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sharma A, Minhas S, Dhillo WS, Jayasena CN. Male infertility due to testicular disorders. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021;106(2):e442–59.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Giacone F, Cannarella R, Mongioì LM, Alamo A, Condorelli RA, Calogero AE, La Vignera S. Epigenetics of male fertility: effects on assisted reproductive techniques. World J Mens Health. 2019;37(2):148–56.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li Y. Modern epigenetics methods in biological research. Methods. 2021 Mar;187:104–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymeth.2020.06.022.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rajender S, Avery K, Agarwal A. Epigenetics, spermatogenesis and male infertility. Mutat Res. 2011;727(3):62–71.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gannon JR, Emery BR, Jenkins TG, Carrell DT. The sperm epigenome: implications for the embryo. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2014;791:53–66.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ramos KS, Bojang P, Bowers E. Role of long interspersed nuclear element-1 in the regulation of chromatin landscapes and genome dynamics. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2021;246(19):2082–97. https://doi.org/10.1177/15353702211031247.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yang AS, Estécio MR, Doshi K, Kondo Y, Tajara EH, Issa JP. A simple method for estimating global DNA methylation using bisulfite PCR of repetitive DNA elements. Nucleic Acids Res. 2004;32(3):e38. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gnh032.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Goodier JL, Cheung LE, Kazazian HH Jr. Mapping the LINE1 ORF1 protein interactome reveals associated inhibitors of human retrotransposition. Nucleic Acids Res. 2013;41(15):7401–19. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkt512.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Di Giacomo M, Comazzetto S, Saini H, De Fazio S, Carrieri C, Morgan M, Vasiliauskaite L, Benes V, Enright AJ, O'Carroll D. Multiple epigenetic mechanisms and the piRNA pathway enforce LINE1 silencing during adult spermatogenesis. Mol Cell. 2013;50(4):601–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2013.04.026.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tian Y, Zhou X, Miao M, Li DK, Wang Z, Li R, Liang H, Yuan W. Association of bisphenol A exposure with LINE-1 hydroxymethylation in human semen. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(8):1770. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081770.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhang W, Li M, Sun F, Xu X, Zhang Z, Liu J, Sun X, Zhang A, Shen Y, Xu J, Miao M, Wu B, Yuan Y, Huang X, Shi H, Du J. Association of sperm methylation at LINE-1, four candidate genes, and nicotine/alcohol exposure with the risk of infertility. Front Genet. 2019;10:1001. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2019.01001.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tian M, Bao H, Martin FL, Zhang J, Liu L, Huang Q, Shen H. Association of DNA methylation and mitochondrial DNA copy number with human semen quality. Biol Reprod. 2014;91(4):101. https://doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.114.122465.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tian M, Liu L, Zhang J, Huang Q, Shen H. Positive association of low-level environmental phthalate exposure with sperm motility was mediated by DNA methylation: a pilot study. Chemosphere. 2019;220:459–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.155.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Khambata K, Raut S, Deshpande S, Mohan S, Sonawane S, Gaonkar R, Ansari Z, Datar M, Bansal V, Patil A, Warke H, Balasinor NH. DNA methylation defects in spermatozoa of male partners from couples experiencing recurrent pregnancy loss. Hum Reprod. 2021;36(1):48–60. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deaa278.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jenkins TG, Aston KI, Pflueger C, Cairns BR, Carrell DT. Age-associated sperm DNA methylation alterations: possible implications in offspring disease susceptibility. PLoS Genet. 2014;10(7):e1004458. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1004458.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Potabattula R, Zacchini F, Ptak GE, Dittrich M, Müller T, El Hajj N, Hahn T, Drummer C, Behr R, Lucas-Hahn A, Niemann H, Schorsch M, Haaf T. Increasing methylation of sperm rDNA and other repetitive elements in the aging male mammalian germline. Aging Cell. 2020;19(8):e13181. https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.13181.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Johnson SL, Dunleavy J, Gemmell NJ, Nakagawa S. Consistent age-dependent declines in human semen quality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev. 2015;19:22–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2014.10.007.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Halvaei I, Litzky J, Esfandiari N. Advanced paternal age: effects on sperm parameters, assisted reproduction outcomes and offspring health. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2020;18(1):110. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12958-020-00668-y.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Murugesu S, Kasaven LS, Petrie A, Vaseekaran A, Jones BP, Bracewell-Milnes T, Barcroft JF, Grewal KJ, Getreu N, Galazis N, Sorbi F, Saso S, Ben-Nagi J. Does advanced paternal age affect outcomes following assisted reproductive technology? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod BioMed Online. 2022;45(2):283–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2022.03.031.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ashapkin V, Suvorov A, Pilsner JR, Krawetz SA, Sergeyev O. Age-associated epigenetic changes in mammalian sperm: implications for offspring health and development. Hum Reprod Update. 2023;29(1):24–44. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmac033.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Malaspina D, Gilman C, Kranz TM. Paternal age and mental health of offspring. FertilSteril. 2015;103(6):1392–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.04.015.

Article  Google Scholar 

Johanson E. A study of schizophrenia in the male: a psychiatric and social study based on 138 cases with follow up. Acta Psychiatr Neurol Scand Suppl. 1958;125:1–132.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Khachadourian V, Zaks N, Lin E, Reichenberg A, Janecka M. Advanced paternal age and risk of schizophrenia in offspring - review of epidemiological findings and potential mechanisms. Schizophr Res. 2021;233:72–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2021.06.016.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Misiak B, Ricceri L, Sąsiadek MM. Transposable elements and their epigenetic regulation in mental disorders: current evidence in the field. Front Genet. 2019;10:580. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2019.00580.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Santi D, De Vincentis S, Magnani E, Spaggiari G. Impairment of sperm DNA methylation in male infertility: a meta-analytic study. Andrology. 2017;5(4):695–703. https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.12379.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stroup DF, Berlin JA, Morton SC, et al. Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group. J Am Med Assoc. 2000;283(15):2008–12.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Shamseer L, Moher D, Clarke M, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (prisma-p) 2015: elaboration and explanation. BMJ. 2015;349:g7647.

Article  Google Scholar 

Methley AM, Campbell S, Chew-Graham C, McNally R, Cheraghi-Sohi S. PICO, PICOS and SPIDER: a comparison study of specificity and sensitivity in three search tools for qualitative systematic reviews. BMC Health Serv Res. 2014;14:579. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-014-0579-0.

Murray J, Farrington DP, Eisner MP. Drawing conclusions about causes from systematic reviews of risk factors: the Cambridge Quality Checklists. J Exp Criminol. 2009;5(1):1–23.

Article  Google Scholar 

Boissonnas CC, Abdalaoui HE, Haelewyn V, Fauque P, Dupont JM, Gut I, Vaiman D, Jouannet P, Tost J, Jammes H. Specific epigenetic alterations of IGF2-H19 locus in spermatozoa from infertile men. Eur J Hum Genet. 2010;18(1):73–80. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejhg.2009.117.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dong H, Wang Y, Zou Z, Chen L, Shen C, Xu S, Zhang J, Zhao F, Ge S, Gao Q, Hu H, Song M, Wang W. Abnormal methylation of imprinted genes and cigarette smoking: assessment of their association with the risk of male infertility. Reprod Sci. 2017;24(1):114–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/1933719116650755.

Article