*Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada

†Provincial Research Data Services (Alberta Health Services), Data and Research Services (Alberta SPOR SUPPORT Unit), Edmonton, AB, Canada

‡Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada

§Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada

∥Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada

¶Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada

#Department of Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital – North Zealand, Hilleroed, Denmark

**Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada

††Department of Critical Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada

‡‡Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada

§§Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada

∥∥Department of Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada

¶¶Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada

##Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada

The authors report no conflicts of interest.

[email protected].

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