*Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada

†Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Rouen Normandy University, Rouen Cedex, France

‡Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

§Department of Surgery, Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL

∥Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada

Full Trial Protocol: Patel YS, Hanna WC, Fahim C, Shargall Y, Waddell TK, Yasufuku K, Machuca TN, Pipkin M, Baste JM, Xie F, Shiwcharan A, Foster G, Thabane L. RAVAL trial: Protocol of an international, multicentered, blinded, randomized controlled trial comparing robotic-assisted versus video-assisted lobectomy for early-stage lung cancer. PLoS One. 2022;17:e0261767. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261767. PMID: 35108265; PMCID: PMC8809527.

Y.S.P. and W.C.H.: made substantial contributions to the conception and design, and acquisition of data, and analysis and interpretation of data; participated in drafting the article and revising it critically for important intellectual content; and gave final approval of the version to be published. J.M.B. and T.N.M.: made substantial contributions to the acquisition of data; participated in revising the article critically for important intellectual content; and gave final approval of the version to be published. Y.S., T.K.W., and K.Y.: made substantial contributions to the conception and design, and acquisition of data; participated in revising the article critically for important intellectual content; and gave final approval of the version to be published. F.X. and L.T.: made substantial contributions to conception and design, and analysis and interpretation of data; participated in revising the article critically for important intellectual content; and gave final approval of the version to be published.

Phase A of the RAVAL trial did not receive any funding from the industry. At McMaster University, the trial was partially funded by a grant from the Department of Surgery, from funds awarded to the university by government allocation, and partially by philanthropic funds allocated by the hospital foundation to robotic surgery. At the University of Toronto, the trial was funded by philanthropic funds allocated by the hospital foundation to robotic surgery. In France, robotic surgery, and surgical research, is funded by the government, and therefore no additional funding was required.

W.C.H.: advisory board and speakers bureau for Astra Zeneca, data safety monitoring committee for Roche/Genentech, speakers bureau for Minogue Medical, grant funding from Intuitive Surgical. The remaining authors report no conflicts of interest.

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