Skinner MK. Encyclopedia of reproduction. 2nd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Academic Press; 2018.
Ali M, Bariani MV, Vafaei S, et al. Prevention of uterine fibroids: molecular mechanisms and potential clinical application. J Endometr Uterine Disord. 2023;1: 100018.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Stewart EA, Laughlin-Tommaso SK, Catherino WH, et al. Uterine fibroids. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016;2:16043.
Marsh EE, Al-Hendy A, Kappus D, et al. Burden, prevalence, and treatment of uterine fibroids: a survey of U.S. women. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2018;27(11):1359–67.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Marshall LM, Spiegelman D, Barbieri RL, et al. Variation in the incidence of uterine leiomyoma among premenopausal women by age and race. Obstet Gynecol. 1997;90(6):967–73.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Catherino WH, Eltoukhi HM, Al-Hendy A. Racial and ethnic differences in the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of uterine leiomyoma. Semin Reprod Med. 2013;31(5):370–9.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Vannuccini S, Clemenza S, Cassioli E, et al. Uterine fibroids, perceived stress, and menstrual: a key role of heavy menstrual nbleeding. Reprod Sci. 2023;30(5):1608–15.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Liu X, Tang J, Luo Y, et al. Comparison of high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation and secondary myomectomy for recurrent symptomatic uterine fibroids following myomectomy: a retrospective study. BJOG. 2020;127(11):1422–8.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Al-Hendy A, Lukes AS, Poindexter AN 3rd, et al. Treatment of uterine fibroid symptoms with relugolix combination therapy. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(7):630–42.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Morris JM, Liang A, Fleckenstein K, et al. A systematic review of minimally invasive approaches to uterine fibroid treatment for improving quality of life and fibroid-associated symptoms. Reprod Sci. 2023;30(5):1495–505.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Xu F, Deng L, Zhang L, et al. The comparison of myomectomy, UAE and MRgFUS in the treatment of uterine fibroids: a meta analysis. Int J Hyperthermia. 2021;38(2):24–9.
Cardozo ER, Clark AD, Banks NK, et al. The estimated annual cost of uterine leiomyomata in the United States. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012;206(3):211.e1-9.
Laughlin-Tommaso S, Barnard EP, AbdElmagied AM, et al. FIRSTT study: randomized controlled trial of uterine artery embolization vs focused ultrasound surgery. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;220(2):174.e1-13.
Yang Q, Ciebiera M, Bariani MV, et al. Comprehensive review of uterine fibroids: developmental origin, pathogenesis, and treatment. Endocr Rev. 2022;43(4):678–719. https://doi.org/10.1210/endrev/bnab039
Mas A, Nair S, Laknaur A, et al. Stro-1/CD44 as putative human myometrial and fibroid stem cell markers. Fertil Steril. 2015;104(1):225-34.e3.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ono M, Maruyama T, Masuda H, et al. Side population in human uterine myometrium displays phenotypic and functional characteristics of myometrial stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2007;104(47):18700–5.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Islam MS, Protic O, Stortoni P, et al. Complex networks of multiple factors in the pathogenesis of uterine leiomyoma. Fertil Steril. 2013;100(1):178–93.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Chegini N. Proinflammatory and profibrotic mediators: principal effectors of leiomyoma development as a fibrotic disorder. Semin Reprod Med. 2010;28(3):180–203.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ono M, Yin P, Navarro A, et al. Paracrine activation of WNT/beta-catenin pathway in uterine leiomyoma stem cells promotes tumor growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2013;110(42):17053–8.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ono M, Qiang W, Serna VA, et al. Role of stem cells in human uterine leiomyoma growth. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(5): e36935.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Yin P, Ono M, Moravek MB, et al. Human uterine leiomyoma stem/progenitor cells expressing CD34 and CD49b initiate tumors in vivo. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100(4):E601–6.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Mehine M, Kaasinen E, Makinen N, et al. Characterization of uterine leiomyomas by whole-genome sequencing. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(1):43–53.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Makinen N, Mehine M, Tolvanen J, et al. MED12, the mediator complex subunit 12 gene, is mutated at high frequency in uterine leiomyomas. Science. 2011;334(6053):252–5.
Makinen N, Heinonen HR, Moore S, et al. MED12 exon 2 mutations are common in uterine leiomyomas from South African patients. Oncotarget. 2011;2(12):966–9.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Kampjarvi K, Park MJ, Mehine M, et al. Mutations in exon 1 highlight the role of MED12 in uterine leiomyomas. Hum Mutat. 2014;35(9):1136–41.
Halder SK, Laknaur A, Miller J, et al. Novel MED12 gene somatic mutations in women from the Southern United States with symptomatic uterine fibroids. Mol Genet Genom. 2015;290(2):505–11.
McGuire MM, Yatsenko A, Hoffner L, et al. Whole exome sequencing in a random sample of North American women with leiomyomas identifies MED12 mutations in majority of uterine leiomyomas. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(3): e33251.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Park MJ, Shen H, Kim NH, et al. Mediator kinase disruption in MED12-mutant uterine fibroids from Hispanic women of South Texas. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018;103(11):4283–92.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ulin M, Ali M, Chaudhry ZT, et al. Uterine fibroids in menopause and perimenopause. Menopause. 2020;27(2):238–42.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Hummel CW, Geiser AG, Bryant HU, et al. A selective estrogen receptor modulator designed for the treatment of uterine leiomyoma with unique tissue specificity for uterus and ovaries in rats. J Med Chem. 2005;48(22):6772–5.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Fuchs-Young R, Howe S, Hale L, et al. Inhibition of estrogen-stimulated growth of uterine leiomyomas by selective estrogen receptor modulators. Mol Carcinog. 1996;17(3):151–9.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Baytur YB, Ozbilgin K, Cilaker S, et al. A comparative study of the effect of raloxifene and gosereline on uterine leiomyoma volume changes and estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, bcl-2 and p53 expression immunohistochemically in premenopausal women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2007;135(1):94–103.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Lv SL, Wang R, Xue X, et al. Selective estrogen receptor modulator with estrogen does not affect the proliferation and apoptosis of uterine leiomyoma cells. Transl Cancer Res. 2020;9(9):5390–400.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Lingxia X, Taixiang W, Xiaoyan C. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) for uterine leiomyomas. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;(2):CD005287.
Lewis TD, Malik M, Britten J, et al. A comprehensive review of the pharmacologic management of uterine leiomyoma. Biomed Res Int. 2018;2018:2414609.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Golan A. GnRH analogues in the treatment of uterine fibroids. Hum Reprod. 1996;11(Suppl. 3):33–41.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Zhu H, Lai X, Wu J, et al. Meta-study of the clinical effect of conservative treatment in uterine fibroids. J Oncol. 2022;2022:6114287.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Dolmans MM, Cacciottola L, Donnez J. Conservative management of uterine fibroid-related heavy menstrual bleeding and infertility: time for a deeper mechanistic understanding and an individualized approach. J Clin Med. 2021;10(19):4389.
Comments (0)