*Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI

†Department of Physiology and Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI

‡Department of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI

§Clinical and Translational Science Institute of Southeast Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI

∥Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI

¶Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI

#Department of Medicine, Section of Perioperative and Consultative Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI

**Department of Surgery, Division of Minimally Invasive and GI Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI

The analyses described in this publication were conducted under the DUR RP-A39709 and IRB #PRO00042159 with data or tools accessed through the NCATS N3C Data Enclave covid.cd2h.org/enclave and supported by CD2H - The National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C) IDeA CTR Collaboration 3U24TR002306-04S2 NCATS U24 TR002306. This project was supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Award Number UL1 TR001436 and 3UL1TR001436-08S3. Additional funding support is provided by Advancing a Healthier Wisconsin Endowment.

N.B.V., G.S., T.J., N.K.K., J.R.M., M.A.F., A.S., A.B., X.Y., B.W.T., C.E.F.C., T.W.F.Y., C.N.C., K.L., K.J.P., J.C.G., and A.N.K.: conception and design, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data, and drafting and revising the article.

The authors report no conflicts of interest.

[email protected].

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