Shirreffs SM (2005) The importance of good hydration for work and exercise performance. Nutr Rev 63:S14–S21. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2005.tb00149.x
Ritz P, Berrut G (2005) The importance of good hydration for day-to-day health. Nutr Rev 63:S6–S13. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1753-4887.2005.TB00155.X
Johnson EC, Muñoz CX, Le Bellego L et al (2015) Markers of the hydration process during fluid volume modification in women with habitual high or low daily fluid intakes. Eur J Appl Physiol 115:1067–1074. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00421-014-3088-2
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Hew-Butler TD, Eskin C, Bickham J et al (2018) Dehydration is how you define it: comparison of 318 blood and urine athlete spot checks. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 4:297. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2017-000297
Sawka MN, Burke LM, Eichner ER et al (2007) Exercise and fluid replacement. Med Sci Sports Exerc 39:377–390. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e31802ca597
Armstrong LE, Pumerantz AC, Fiala KA et al (2010) Human hydration indices: acute and longitudinal reference values. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 20:145–153
Perrier ET, Buendia-Jimenez I, Vecchio M et al (2015) Twenty-four-hour urine osmolality as a physiological index of adequate water intake. Dis Markers 11:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/231063
Cheuvront SN, Sawka MN (2005) SSE# 97: hydration assessment of athletes. Sports Sci Exch 18:1–12
Sekiguchi Y, Benjamin CL, Butler CR et al (2022) Relationships between WUT (body weight, urine color, and thirst level) criteria and urine indices of hydration status. Sports Health 14:566. https://doi.org/10.1177/19417381211038494
Kavouras SA (2019) Hydration, dehydration, underhydration, optimal hydration: Are we barking up the wrong tree? Eur J Nutr 58:471–473
Shirreffs SM (2003) Markers of hydration status. Eur J Clin Nutr 57(Suppl 2):S6–S9. https://doi.org/10.1038/SJ.EJCN.1601895
Olzinski S, Beaumont J, Toledo M et al (2019) Hydration status and fluid needs of division 1 female collegiate athletes exercising indoors and outdoors. Sports 7:155
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Armstrong LE, Maresh CM, Castellani JW et al (1994) Urinary indices of hydration status. Int J Sport Nutr 4:265–279. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.4.3.265
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Robertson GL (1984) Abnormalities of thirst regulation. Kidney Int 25:460–469. https://doi.org/10.1038/KI.1984.39
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Carroll H (2020) Redefining thirst: a conceptual four-compartment model characterising types of thirst, and their underlying mechanisms and interactions. NutriXiv Preprints. https://doi.org/10.31232/osf.io/q7gvd
Wardenaar FC, Thompsett D, Vento KA et al (2021) Athletes’ self-assessment of urine color using two color charts to determine urine concentration. Int J Environ Res Public Health 18:4126. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18084126
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Wardenaar FC, Thompsett D, Vento KA, Bacalzo D (2021) A lavatory urine color (LUC) chart method can identify hypohydration in a physically active population. Eur J Nutr 60:2795–2805. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-020-02460-5
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Adams JD, Kavouras SA, Johnson EC et al (2017) The effect of storing temperature and duration on urinary hydration markers. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 27:18–24. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2016-0098
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Wardenaar F, Ortega-Santos CP, Vento K et al (2021) Reliability of 3 urine specific gravity meters for measuring Brix and urine solutions at different temperatures. J Athl Train 56:389–395. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0142.20
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Wardenaar FC (2022) Human hydration indices: spot urine sample reference values for urine concentration markers in athletic populations. Dietetics 1:39–51. https://doi.org/10.3390/DIETETICS1010005
Kavouras SA, Johnson EC, Bougatsas D et al (2016) Validation of a urine color scale for assessment of urine osmolality in healthy children. Eur J Nutr 55:907–915. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-015-0905-2
Perrier ET, Bottin JH, Vecchio M, Lemetais G (2017) Criterion values for urine-specific gravity and urine color representing adequate water intake in healthy adults. Eur J Clin Nutr 71:561–563. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2016.269
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Wardenaar FC, Seltzer RGN, Kavouras SA (2022) Accuracy and reliability of college athletes’ scoring of artificial urine color samples to determine hydration status. Int J Sports Sci Coach. https://doi.org/10.1177/17479541221114748
Rosinger AY, Bethancourt HJ, Swanson ZS et al (2022) Cross-cultural variation in thirst perception in hot-humid and hot-arid environments: Evidence from two small-scale populations. Am J Hum Biol 34:e23715. https://doi.org/10.1002/AJHB.23715
Phillips PA, Rolls BJ, Ledingham JGG, Morton JJ (1984) Body fluid changes, thirst and drinking in man during free access to water. Physiol Behav 33:357–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9384(84)90154-9
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Armstrong LE, Giersch GEW, Colburn AT et al (2021) Progression of human subjective perceptions during euhydration, mild dehydration, and drinking. Physiol Behav. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYSBEH.2020.113211
Cheuvront SN, Carter R, Montain SJ, Sawka MN (2004) Daily body mass variability and stability in active men undergoing exercise-heat stress. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 14:532–540. https://doi.org/10.1123/IJSNEM.14.5.532
Wilson PB (2021) Associations of urine specific gravity with body mass index and lean body mass at the population level: Implications for hydration monitoring. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 31:475–481. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2021-0140
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Armstrong LE, Herrera Soto JA, Hacker FT et al (1998) Urinary indices during dehydration, exercise, and rehydration. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 8:345–355. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.8.4.345
Comments (0)