Avdoshina V, Fields JA, Castellano P, Dedoni S, Palchik G, Trejo M, Adame A, Rockenstein E, Eugenin E, Masliah E, Mocchetti I (2016) The HIV Protein gp120 Alters Mitochondrial Dynamics in Neurons. Neurotox Res 29:583–93

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Avraham H, Jiang S, Fu Y, Rockenstein EM, Makriyannis A, Masliah E, Avraham S (2011) CB2 cannabinoid agonists inhibited HIV-1 gp120-induced neurotoxicity of neural progenitor cells and promoted their survival and differentiation. PLoS One Submitted

Bari M, Rapino C, Mozetic P, Maccarrone M (2010) The endocannabinoid system in gp120-mediated insults and HIV-associated dementia. Exp Neurol 224:74–84

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bogathy E, Kostyalik D, Petschner P, Vas S, Bagdy G (2019) Blockade of serotonin 2c receptors with sb-242084 moderates reduced locomotor activity and rearing by cannabinoid 1 receptor antagonist AM-251. Pharmacology 103:151–158

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Castellano P, Prevedel L, Valdebenito S, Eugenin EA (2019) HIV infection and latency induce a unique metabolic signature in human macrophages. Sci Rep 9:3941

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Clayton N, Marshall FH, Bountra C, O’Shaughnessy CT (2002) CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors are implicated in inflammatory pain. Pain 96:253–260

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cosenza-Nashat MA, Bauman A, Zhao ML, Morgello S, Suh HS, Lee SC (2011) Cannabinoid receptor expression in HIV encephalitis and HIV-associated neuropathologic comorbidities. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 37:464–83

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cotto B, Natarajanseenivasan K, Langford D (2019a) HIV-1 infection alters energy metabolism in the brain: Contributions to HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Prog Neurobiol 181:101616

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cotto B, Natarajaseenivasan K, Langford D (2019b) Astrocyte activation and altered metabolism in normal aging, age-related CNS diseases, and HAND. J Neurovirol 25:722–733

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Crews L, Spencer B, Desplats P, Patrick C, Paulino A, Rockenstein E, Hansen L, Adame A, Galasko D, Masliah E (2010) Selective molecular alterations in the autophagy pathway in patients with Lewy body disease and in models of alpha-synucleinopathy. PLoS One 5:e9313

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

D’Hooge R, Franck F, Mucke L, De Deyn PP (1999) Age-related behavioural deficits in transgenic mice expressing the HIV-1 coat protein gp120. Eur J Neurosci 11:4398–402

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Di Perri G (2021) Tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) clinical pharmacology. Infez Med 29:526–529

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Donoso M, D'Amico D, Valdebenito S, Hernandez CA, Prideaux B, Eugenin EA (2022) Identification, quantification, and characterization of HIV-1 reservoirs in the human brain. Cells 11

Ellis RJ, Peterson SN, Li Y, Schrier R, Iudicello J, Letendre S, Morgan E, Tang B, Grant I, Cherner M (2020) Recent cannabis use in HIV is associated with reduced inflammatory markers in CSF and blood. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 7

Ellis RJ, Peterson S, Cherner M, Morgan E, Schrier R, Tang B, Hoenigl M, Letendre S, Iudicello J (2021a) Beneficial Effects of Cannabis on Blood-Brain Barrier Function in Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Clin Infect Dis 73:124–129

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ellis RJ, Wilson N, Peterson S (2021b) Cannabis and inflammation in HIV: A review of human and animal studies. Viruses 13

Eraso-Pichot A, Pouvreau S, Olivera-Pinto A, Gomez-Sotres P, Skupio U, Marsicano G (2023) Endocannabinoid signaling in astrocytes. Glia 71:44–59

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ferrara M, Bumpus NN, Ma Q, Ellis RJ, Soontornniyomkij V, Fields JA, Bharti A, Achim CL, Moore DJ, Letendre SL (2020) Antiretroviral drug concentrations in brain tissue of adult decedents. AIDS 34:1907–1914

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fields JA, Ellis RJ (2019) HIV in the cART era and the mitochondrial: immune interface in the CNS. Int Rev Neurobiol 145:29–65

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fields JA, Overk C, Adame A, Florio J, Mante M, Pineda A, Desplats P, Rockenstein E, Achim C, Masliah E (2016a) Neuroprotective effects of the immunomodulatory drug FK506 in a model of HIV1-gp120 neurotoxicity. J Neuroinflammation 13:120

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fields JA, Serger E, Campos S, Divakaruni AS, Kim C, Smith K, Trejo M, Adame A, Spencer B, Rockenstein E, Murphy AN, Ellis RJ, Letendre S, Grant I, Masliah E (2015) HIV alters neuronal mitochondrial fission/fusion in the brain during HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Neurobiol Dis

Fields JA, Serger E, Campos S, Divakaruni AS, Kim C, Smith K, Trejo M, Adame A, Spencer B, Rockenstein E, Murphy AN, Ellis RJ, Letendre S, Grant I, Masliah E (2016b) HIV alters neuronal mitochondrial fission/fusion in the brain during HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Neurobiol Dis 86:154–69

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fields JA, Spencer B, Swinton M, Qvale EM, Marquine MJ, Alexeeva A, Gough S, Soontornniyomkij B, Valera E, Masliah E, Achim CL, Desplats P (2018) Alterations in brain TREM2 and Amyloid-beta levels are associated with neurocognitive impairment in HIV-infected persons on antiretroviral therapy. J Neurochem 147:784–802

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fields JA, Swinton MK, Carson A, Soontornniyomkij B, Lindsay C, Han MM, Frizzi K, Sambhwani S, Murphy A, Achim CL, Ellis RJ, Calcutt NA (2019) Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate induces peripheral neuropathy and alters inflammation and mitochondrial biogenesis in the brains of mice. Sci Rep 9:17158

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Garvey LJ, Pavese N, Politis M, Ramlackhansingh A, Brooks DJ, Taylor-Robinson SD, Winston A (2014) Increased microglia activation in neurologically asymptomatic HIV-infected patients receiving effective ART. AIDS 28:67–72

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gaskill PJ, Fields JA, Langford DT, Stauch KL, Williams DW (2021) Editorial: advances in understanding neurohiv associated changes in neuroimmune communication in the combined anti-retroviral therapy (cART) Era. Front Neurol 12:763448

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gele T, Cheret A, Castro Gordon A, Nkam L, Furlan V, Pallier C, Becker PH, Catalan P, Goujard C, Taburet AM, Gasnault J, Gouget H, Barrail-Tran A (2021) Cerebrospinal fluid exposure to bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir in HIV-1-infected patients with CNS impairment. J Antimicrob Chemother 76:3280–3285

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

George JW, Mattingly JE, Roland NJ, Small CM, Lamberty BG, Fox HS, Stauch KL (2021) Physiologically relevant concentrations of dolutegravir, emtricitabine, and efavirenz induce distinct metabolic alterations in hela epithelial and bv2 microglial cells. Front Immunol 12:639378

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Harezlak J, Buchthal S, Taylor M, Schifitto G, Zhong J, Daar E, Alger J, Singer E, Campbell T, Yiannoutsos C, Cohen R, Navia B, Consortium HIVN (2011) Persistence of HIV-associated cognitive impairment, inflammation, and neuronal injury in era of highly active antiretroviral treatment. AIDS 25:625–33

Article  Google Scholar 

Heaton RK, Franklin DR, Ellis RJ, McCutchan JA, Letendre SL, Leblanc S, Corkran SH, Duarte NA, Clifford DB, Woods SP, Collier AC, Marra CM, Morgello S, Mindt MR, Taylor MJ, Marcotte TD, Atkinson JH, Wolfson T, Gelman BB, McArthur JC, Simpson DM, Abramson I, Gamst A, Fennema-Notestine C, Jernigan TL, Wong J, Grant I, Group C, Group H (2011) HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders before and during the era of combination antiretroviral therapy: differences in rates, nature, and predictors. J Neurovirol 17:3–16

Article  Google Scholar 

Jean-Gilles L, Braitch M, Latif ML, Aram J, Fahey AJ, Edwards LJ, Robins RA, Tanasescu R, Tighe PJ, Gran B, Showe LC, Alexander SP, Chapman V, Kendall DA, Constantinescu CS (2015) Effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines on cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors in immune cells. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 214:63–74

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kobayashi K, Shimizu N, Matsushita S, Murata T (2020) The assessment of mouse spontaneous locomotor activity using motion picture. J Pharmacol Sci 143:83–88

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Leonard BaA F (2023) Cannabinoids and neuroinflammation: Therapeutic implications. J Affect Disord 12

Google Scholar 

Lu TS, Avraham HK, Seng S, Tachado SD, Koziel H, Makriyannis A, Avraham S (2008) Cannabinoids inhibit HIV-1 Gp120-mediated insults in brain microvascular endothelial cells. J Immunol 181:6406–16

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pacek LR, Towe SL, Hobkirk AL, Nash D, Goodwin RD (2018) Frequency of cannabis use and medical cannabis use among persons living with hiv in the united states: findings from a nationally representative sample. AIDS Educ Prev 30:169–181

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Petrie GN, Nastase AS, Aukema RJ, Hill MN (2021) Endocannabinoids, cannabinoids and the regulation of anxiety. Neuropharmacology 195:108626

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Robledo-Menendez A, Vella M, Grandes P, Soria-Gomez E (2022) Cannabinoid control of hippocampal functions: the where matters. FEBS J 289:2162–2175

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Saumell-Esnaola M, Barrondo S, Garcia Del Cano G, Goicolea MA, Salles J, Lutz B, Monory K (2021) Subsynaptic distribution, lipid raft targeting and g protein-dependent signalling of the type 1 cannabinoid receptor in synaptosomes from the mouse hippocampus and frontal cortex. Molecules 26

Saylor D, Dickens AM, Sacktor N, Haughey N, Slusher B, Pletnikov M, Mankowski JL, Brown A, Volsky DJ, McArthur JC (2016) HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder - pathogenesis and prospects for treatment. Nat Rev Neurol 12:309

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Seibenhener ML, Wooten MC (2015) Use of the Open Field Maze to measure locomotor and anxiety-like behavior in mice. J Vis Exp e52434

Sturman O, Germain PL, Bohacek J (2018) Exploratory rearing: a context- and stress-sensitive behavior recorded in the open-field test. Stress 21:443–452

Article  PubMed