Murina F, Lubrano C, Cappelli E, Campo M, Taraborrelli S (2023) The role of female intimate hygiene practices in the management of vulvovaginal candidiasis A randomized controlled open label trial. Health Care Women Int 44(5):689–700

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Asare KK, Bentil HA, Gyesi E, Amoah S, Bentsi-Enchill F, Opoku YK (2023) Candidiasis profile at the outpatient department of the university of cape coast hospital in the central region of Ghana: a retrospective study. BMC Women’s Health 23:1–10

Article  Google Scholar 

Turner SA, Butler G (2014) The candida pathogenic species complex. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 4:a019778

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yano J, Sobel JD, Nyirjesy P, Sobel R, Williams VL, Yu Q, Fidel PL Jr (2019) Current patient perspectives of vulvovaginal candidiasis: incidence, symptoms, management and posttreatment outcomes. BMC Women’s Health 19:48

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sun Z, Ge X, Qiu B, Xiang Z, Jiang C, Wu J, Li Y (2023) Vulvovaginal candidiasis and vaginal microflora interaction: microflora changes and probiotic therapy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 13:1123026

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hall RA, Noverr MC (2017) Fungal interactions with the human host: exploring the spectrum of symbiosis. Curr Opin Microbiol 40:58–64

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Amorós M, Palma JCM, Esteve M, Salado M, Macatangga MG, Benítez GA, Cortés J (2023) Experience with a non-hormonal Centella asiatica, hyaluronic acid and prebiotic-based vaginal gel in women with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis: case studies. Clin Med Insights: Case Rep 16:1–4

Google Scholar 

Gonçalves B, Ferreira C, Alves CT, Henriques M, Azeredo J, Silva S (2016) Vulvovaginal candidiasis: epidemiology, microbiology and risk factors. Crit Rev Microbiol 42(6):905–927

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fukazawa EI, Witkin SS, Robial R, Vinagre JG, Baracat EC, Linhares IM (2019) Influence of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis on quality of life issues. Arch Gynecol Obstet 300:647–650

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Denning DW, Kneale M, Sobel JD, Rautemaa-Richardson R (2018) Global burden of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis 18(11):e339–e347

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Blomberg L, Backman K, Kirjavainen PV, Karvonen AM, Harju M, Keski-Nisula L (2023) Vulvovaginal yeast infections, gestational diabetes and pregnancy outcome. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 23:70

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

He Y, Tang R, Deng J, Cai T, He P, Wu J, Cao Y (2022) Effects of oestrogen on vulvovaginal candidosis. Mycoses 65(1):4–12

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sobel JD, Faro S, Force RW, Foxman B, Ledger WJ, Nyirjesy PR, Summers PR (1998) Vulvovaginal candidiasis: epidemiologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic considerations. Am J Obstet Gynecol 178(2):203–211

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sobel JD (2016) Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 214(1):15–21

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mahant S, Sharma AK, Gandhi H, Wadhwa R, Dua K, Kapoor DN (2022) Emerging trends and potential prospects in vaginal drug delivery. Curr Drug Deliv 20(6):730–751

Article  Google Scholar 

Sobel JD (1998) Vulvovaginitis: when Candida becomes a problem. Dermatol Clin 16(4):763–768

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sobel JD (1999) Limitations of antifungal agents in the treatment of Candida vaginitis: future challenges. Drug Resist Updates 2(3):148–152

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ksiezopolska E, Gabaldón T (2018) Evolutionary emergence of drug resistance in candida opportunistic pathogens. Genes 9(9):461

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mathema B, Cross E, Dun E, Park S, Bedell J, Slade B, Perlin DS (2001) Prevalence of vaginal colonization by drug-resistant candida species in college-age women with previous exposure to over-the-counter azole antifungals. CID. Brief Rep 33:e24

Google Scholar 

Kalmár E, Lasher JR, Tarry TD, Myers A, Szakonyi G, Dombi G, Alexander KS (2014) Dosage uniformity problems which occur due to technological errors in extemporaneously prepared suppositories in hospitals and pharmacies. Saudi Pharm J 22(4):338–342

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Akin-Ajani OD, Odeku OA, Babalola Y (2019) Formulation of paediatric paracetamol suppositories using shea butter and dika fat as suppository bases. Trop J Nat Prod Res 3(2):31–36

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Akin-Ajani OD, Awe T, Adediran KA (2023) Preliminary investigation of Ciprofloxacin-loaded microparticles for the treatment of bone diseases using coconut oil and shea butter. Ger J Pharm Biomater 2(1):18–25

Article  Google Scholar 

Odoom W, Edusei VO (2015) Evaluation of saponification value, iodine value and insoluble impurities in coconut oils from Jomoro District of the Western Region of Ghana. Asian J Agric Food Sci 3(5):494–499

Google Scholar 

Seneviratne K, Jayathilaka N (2016) Coconut oil: chemistry and nutrition. 2016. Lakva Publishers, Battaramulla, p 130

Google Scholar 

Kamel R, Abbas H (2018) Rational for the use of coconut oil-based anti-mycotic pessaries to combat recurrent vaginal infection: in-vitro/in-vivo evaluation and preliminary prospective clinical investigation. Int J Appl Pharm 10:159–166

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ogbolu DO, Oni AA, Daini OA, Oloko A (2007) In vitro antimicrobial properties of coconut oil on Candida species in Ibadan, Nigeria. J Med Food 10(2):384–387

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Deen A, Visvanathan R, Wickramarachchi D, Marikkar N, Nammi S, Jayawardana BC, Liyanage R (2021) Chemical composition and health benefits of coconut oil: an overview. J Sci Food Agric 101(6):2182–2193

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Crowley PD, Gallagher HC (2014) Clotrimazole as a pharmaceutical: past, present and future. J Appl Microbiol 117(3):611–617

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shaveta S, Harpreet K, Jyoti S, Rahul Y (2022) A short review on liquisolid technology in anti-fungal drugs. World J Pharm Sci 10(01):144–150

Article  Google Scholar 

British Pharmacopoeia C (2012) British pharmacopoeia 2013. Stationery Office, London

Google Scholar 

Coben LJ, Lieberman HA. Suppositories. In: Lachman L, Lieberman HA, Kanig J (Eds) The theory practices of industrial pharmacy, Lea and Febiger Philadelphia, pp 564–588

Akin-Ajani OD, Ajala TO, Ogunnubi MA (2020) Formulation and antimicrobial evaluation of isopropyl hand sanitizer using co-processed excipients. Niger J Pharm Res 16(1):9–20

Article  Google Scholar 

Szymańska E, Wojasiński M, Dąbrowska J, Krzyżowska M, Nowicka M, Ciach T, Winnicka K (2022) Chitosan-poly(ethylene oxide) nanofibrous mat as a vaginal platform for tenofovir disoproxyl fumarate: the effect of vaginal pH on drug carrier performance. Int J Biol Macromol 222(Pt A):856–867

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Linhares IM, Summers PR, Larsen B, Giraldo PC, Witkin SS (2011) Contemporary perspectives on vaginal pH and lactobacilli. Am J Obstet Gynecol 204(2):120.e121-125

Article  Google Scholar 

Al-Shehri BM, Haddadi T, Alasmari ME, Ghramh HA, Khan KA, Mohammed MEA, Khayyat MM (2022) Effect of storage time and floral origin on the physicochemical properties of beeswax and the possibility of using it as a phase changing material in the thermal storage energy technology. Foods 11(23):3920

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sahu S, Rathi JC, Sharma MR (2021) Formulation and evaluation of multiple emulsion of clotrimazole. World J Pharmaceut Res 10(12):1233–1246

CAS  Google Scholar 

Baviskar P, Bedse A, Sadique S, Kunde V, Jaiswal S (2013) Drug delivery on rectal absorption: suppositories. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res 21(1):70–76

Google Scholar 

Aremu OI, Adjuzie JP, Olayemi OJ, Okoh JE, Ekere KE, Fatokun OT, Emeje MO (2019) Formulation and evaluation of acetylsalicylic acid suppositories using capra hircus (Goat) fat and its binary blends. ACTA Pharm Sci 57(4):77–91

CAS  Google Scholar 

Realdon N, Zotto MD, Morpurgo M, Franceschinis E (2008) Effects of surfactant characteristics on drug availability from suppositories. Die Pharm Int J Pharm Sci 63(6):459–463

CAS  Google Scholar 

Ausili A, Yakymenko I, Teruel JA, Gómez-Fernández JC (2021) Clotrimazole fluidizes phospholipid membranes and localizes at the hydrophobic part near the polar part of the membrane. Biomolecules 11(9):1304

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Allen LV Jr (2021) Basics of compounding: excipients used in nonsterile compounding, part 10: rectal suppository bases. Int J Pharm Compd 25(4):304–309

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Moes AJ (1989) Suppositories formulation and drug release. Boll Chim Farm 128(1):5–12

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Akin-Ajani OD, Ikehin MM, Ajala TO (2019) Date mucilage as co-polymer in metformin-loaded microbeads for controlled release. J Excip Food Chem 10(1):3–12

Google Scholar 

Abbas AA, Assikong EB, Akeh M, Upla P, Tuluma T (2017) Antimicrobial activity of coconut oil and its derivative (lauric acid) on some selected clinical isolates. Int J Med Sci Clin Invent 4(8):3173–3177

Google Scholar