Oppositional defiant disorder

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Mikolajewski, A. J., Taylor, J. & Iacono, W. G. Oppositional defiant disorder dimensions: genetic influences and risk for later psychopathology. J. Child Psychol. Psychiatry 58, 702–710 (2017). This large twin study found that common genetic influences underlie the covariance between irritable symptoms of ODD in childhood and internalizing problems in late adolescence, whereas headstrong/hurtful symptoms of ODD share genetic influences with substance use disorder symptoms.

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