Almeida-Neto M, Ulrich W (2011) A straightforward computational approach for quantifying nestedness using abundance data. Environ Model Softw 26:173–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2010.08.003
Almeida-Neto M, Guimarães P, Guimarães PR Jr, Loyola RD, Ulrich WA (2008) A consistent metric for nestedness analysis in ecological systems: reconciling concept and measurement. Oikos 117:1227–1239. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0030-1299.2008.16644.x
Assunção MA, Torezan-Silingardi HM, Del-Claro K (2014) Do ant visitors to extrafloral nectaries of plants repel pollinators and cause an indirect cost of mutualism? Flora 209:244–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flora.2014.03.003
Baccaro FB, Feitosa RM, Fernández F, Fernandes IO, Izzo TJ, de Souza JLP, Solar R (2015) Guia para os gêneros de formigas do Brasil. Editora INPA, Manaus. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.32912
Banerjee RP, Barik SK, Borges RM et al (2024) Plant defence mechanism in honeydew-mediated plant-Hemiptera-ant interactions and ecosystem sustainability: a review. Environ Sustain 7(4):427–437. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42398-024-00326-8
Bar-On YM, Phillips R, Milo R (2018) The biomass distribution on earth. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 115(25):6506–6511. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1711842115
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Bascompte J, Jordano P (2007) Plant-animal mutualistic networks: the architecture of biodiversity. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 38:567–593. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.38.091206.095818
Bascompte J, Jordano P, Melian C, Olesen J (2003) The nested assembly of plant-animal mutualistic networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:9383–9387. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1633576100
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Beattie AJ (1985) The evolutionary ecology of ant-plant mutualisms. Cambridge University Press, New York
Beattie AJ, Turnull C, Knox RB, Williams EG (1984) Ant inhibition of pollen function: a possible reason why ant pollination is rare. Amer J Bot 71:421–426. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1537-2197.1984.tb12527.x
Bellay S, de Oliveira EF, Almeida-Neto M, Abdallah VD, de Azevedo RK, Takemoto RM, Luque JL (2015) The patterns of organisation and structure of interactions in a fish-parasite network of a neotropical river. Int J Parasitol 45(8):549–557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2015.03.003
Blüthgen N, Menzel F, Blüthegn N (2006) Measuring specialization in species interaction networks. BMC Ecol 6:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6785-6-9
Blüthgen N, Fründ J, Vázquez DP, Menzel F (2008) What do interaction network metrics tell us about specialization and biological traits. Ecology 89(12):3387–3399. https://doi.org/10.1890/07-2121.1
Bolton B (2025) An online catalog of the ants of the world. Available from https://antcat.org. Accessed June 2025
Broyles S (2019) Patterns of nectar production in Asclepias curassavica (Apocynaceae). J Pollinat Ecol 25. https://doi.org/10.26786/1920-7603(2019)541
Buchmann SL (1983) Buzz pollination in angiosperms. In: Jones CE, Little RJ (eds) Handbook of experimental pollination biology. Scientific and Academic Editions. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, pp 73–113
Buzato S, Sazima M, Sazima I (1994) Pollination of three species of Abutilon (Malvaceae) intermediate between bat and hummingbird flower syndromes. Flora 189(4):327–334. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-2530(17)30613-8
Byk J, Del-Claro K (2011) Ant-plant interaction in the Neotropical savanna: direct beneficial effects of extrafloral nectar on ant colony fitness. Popul Ecol 53:327–332. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10144-010-0240-7
Calixto ES, Lange D, Del-Claro K (2018) Protection mutualism: an overview of ant-plant interactions mediated by extrafloral nectaries. Oecol Aust 22:410. https://doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2018.2204.05
Calixto ES, Novaes LR, dos Santos DFB, Lange D, Moreira X, Del-Claro K (2021) Climate seasonality drives ant–plant–herbivore interactions via plant phenology in an extrafloral nectary-bearing plant community. J Ecol 109(2):639–651. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13492
Calixto ES, de Oliveira Pimenta IC, Lange D, Marquis RJ, Torezan-Silingardi HM, Del-Claro K (2024) Emerging trends in ant-pollinator conflict in extrafloral nectary-bearing plants. Plants 13:651. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13050651
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Câmara T, Leal IR, Blüthgen N, Oliveira FMP, Arnan X (2019) Anthropogenic disturbance and rainfall variation threaten the stability of plant-ant interactions in the Brazilian Caatinga. Ecography 42:1–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.04531
Cembrowski AR, Tan MG, Thomson JD, Frederickson ME (2014) Ants and ant scent reduce bumblebee pollination of artificial flowers. Am Nat 183:133–139. https://doi.org/10.1086/674101
Cembrowski AR, Reurink G, Arcila-Hernandez LM, Sanders JG, Youngerman E, Frederickson ME (2015) Sporadic pollen consumption among tropical ants. Insectes Soc 62:379–382. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00040-015-0402-x
Chinarelli HD, Nogueira A, Leal LC (2022) Extrafloral nectar production induced by simulated herbivory does not improve ant bodyguard attendance and ultimately plant defence. Biol J Linn Soc 135(3):429–446. https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blab159
Chomicki G, Walker-Hale N, Etchells JP, Ritter E, Weber MG (2024) Diversity and development of domatia: symbiotic plant structures to host mutualistic ants or mites. Curr Opin Plant Biol 82:102647. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102647
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Christenhusz MJ, Byng J (2016) The number of known plants species in the world and its annual increase. Phytotaxa 261(3):201–217
Conceição ES, Moura JIL, Costa-Neto AO, Delabie JHC (2014) Choice of food resource by bees and ants (Hymenoptera: Apoidea, Formicidae) on coconut tree inflorescences (Cocos nucifera, Arecaceae). Ann Soc Entomol Fr 50:37–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/00379271.2014.933015
Costa FV, Mello MAR, Bronstein JL, Guerra TJ, Muylaert RL, Leite AC, Neves FS (2016) Few ant species play a central role linking different plant resources in a network in rupestrian grasslands. PLoS ONE 11:1–17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0167161
Czechowski W, Markó B, Erős K, Csata E (2011) Pollenivory in ants (Hymenoptera: formicidae) seems to be much more common than it was thought. Ann Zool 61:519–525. https://doi.org/10.3161/000345411X603364
Das S, Das A (2023) Ants are more than just curious bystanders to some flowers - they act as significant pollinators. Front Insect Sci 3:1–18. https://doi.org/10.3389/finsc.2023.1145761
Dáttilo W, Vasconcelos HL (2019) Macroecological patterns and correlates of ant–tree interaction networks in Neotropical savannas. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 28:1283–1294. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12932
Dáttilo W, Marquitti FMD, Guimarães PR Jr, Izzo TJ (2014) The structure of ant–plant ecological networks: is abundance enough? Ecology 95:475–485. https://doi.org/10.1890/12-1647.1
Dáttilo W, Díaz-Castelazo C, Rico-Gray V (2014) Ant dominance hierarchy determines the nested pattern in ant–plant networks. Biol J Lin Soc 113(2):405–414. https://doi.org/10.1111/bij.12350
De Faria IA, Anjos DV, Del-Claro K, Torezan-Silingardi HM (2022) Ant pollination, phenology, and breeding system of Microstachys serrulata (Mart. & Zucc.) Müll. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) in the Brazilian savanna. Plant Ecol 223(10):1247–1260. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-022-01271-4
Instituto de Terras, Cartografia e Geociências (ITCG) (2009) Fitogeográficas do Paraná. https://www.paranagua.pr.gov.br/imgbank2/file/meio_ambiente/materialdidatico/Mapa_Fitogeografico_A3.pdf. Accessed on Nov 2024
Del Toro I, Ribbons RR, Pelini SL (2012) The little things that run the world revisited: a review of ant-mediated ecosystem services and disservices (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Mymercological News 17:133–146
Del-Claro K, Lange D, Torezan-Silingardi HM, Anjos DV, Calixto ES, Dáttilo W, Rico-Gray V (2018) The complex ant–plant relationship within tropical ecological networks. In: Dáttilo W, Rico-Gray V (eds) Ecological networks in the tropics. Springer International Publishing, Cham, Switzerland, pp 59–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68228-0_5
Del-Claro K, Rodriguez-Morales D, Calixto ES, Martins AS, Torezan-Silingardi HM (2019) Ant pollination of Paepalanthus lundii (Eriocaulaceae) in Brazilian savanna. Ann Bot 123:1159–1165. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcz021
Comments (0)