Walshaw J, Huo B, McClean A, Gajos S, Kwan JY, Tomlinson J, Biyani CS, Dimashki S, Chetter I, Yiasemidou M (2023) Innovation in gastrointestinal surgery: the evolution of minimally invasive surgery—a narrative review. Front Surg 10:1193486
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Park KU, Lee S, Sarna A, Chetta M, Schulz S, Agnese D, Grignol V, Carson WE, Skoracki RJ (2021) Prospective pilot study protocol evaluating the safety and feasibility of robot-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy (RNSM). BMJ Open 11:e050173
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Carson W (2020) Prospective Pilot Study of Robot-assisted Nipple Sparing Mastectomy (RNSM). https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04537312#more-information. Accessed August, 26 2025
Intuitive Surgical (2023) Robotic vs. Open NSM for Early Stage Breast Cancer (SP NSM). https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05720039. Accessed August 26 2025
Galimberti V, Morigi C, Bagnardi V, Corso G, Vicini E, Fontana SKR, Naninato P, Ratini S, Magnoni F, Toesca A (2018) Oncological outcomes of nipple-sparing mastectomy: a single-center experience of 1989 patients. Ann Surg Oncol 25:3849–3857
Toesca A, Invento A, Massari G, Girardi A, Peradze N, Lissidini G, Sangalli C, Maisonneuve P, Manconi A, Gottardi A (2019) Update on the feasibility and progress on robotic breast surgery. Ann Surg Oncol 26:3046
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Worland RG (1996) Expanded utilization of the tumescent technique for mastectomy. Plast Reconstr Surg 98:1321
Chun YS, Verma K, Rosen H, Lipsitz SR, Breuing K, Guo L, Golshan M, Grigorian N, Eriksson E (2011) Use of tumescent mastectomy technique as a risk factor for native breast skin flap necrosis following immediate breast reconstruction. Am J Surg 201:160–165
Yang Y, Zhu J, Qian X, Feng J, Sun F (2022) Complication differences between the tumescent and non-tumescent dissection techniques for mastectomy: a meta-analysis. Front Oncol 11:648955
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Bashir MM, Qayyum R, Saleem MH, Siddique K, Khan FA (2015) Effect of time interval between tumescent local anesthesia infiltration and start of surgery on operative field visibility in hand surgery without tourniquet. J Hand Surg 40:1606–1609
Hwang Y-H, Han HH, Eom JS, Yoo T-K, Kim J, Chung IY, Ko B, Kim HJ, Lee JW, Son BH (2024) Evaluation of safety and operative time in tumescent-free robotic nipple-sparing mastectomy: a retrospective single-center cohort study. Ann Surg Treat Res 107:8–15
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Gwark S, Hwang Y-H, Paek SH, Lee Y-W, Chang YW, Choi HJ, Ahn SG, Park HS, Kim JH, Choi JE (2025) Early postoperative outcomes of Tumescent-Free Single-Port Robot-Assisted Nipple-Sparing mastectomy compared with Tumescent-Using technique: A substudy of retrospective multicenter study (SPROUT, KoREa-BSG 14). Ann Surg Oncol 32:9787─9797
Dindo D, Demartines N, Clavien P-A (2004) Classification of surgical complications: a new proposal with evaluation in a cohort of 6336 patients and results of a survey. Ann Surg 240:205–213
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Abbott AM, Miller BT, Tuttle TM (2012) Outcomes after tumescence technique versus electrocautery mastectomy. Ann Surg Oncol 19:2607–2611
Nguyen CL, Tam SKM, Easwaralingam N, Seah JL, Comerford AP, Yu ACX, Mak C, Pulitano C, Warrier SK (2022) Patterns of ischaemia and reperfusion in nipple-sparing mastectomy reconstruction with indocyanine green angiography. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 75:4144–4151
Landis JR, Koch GG (1977) The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics. https://doi.org/10.2307/2529310
Go J, Ahn JH, Park JM, Choi SB, Lee J, Kim JY, Park HS (2022) Analysis of robot-assisted nipple‐sparing mastectomy using the Da Vinci SP system. J Surg Oncol 126:417–424
Lai H-W, Chen S-T, Lin S-L, Chen C-J, Lin Y-L, Pai S-H, Chen D-R, Kuo S-J (2019) Robotic nipple-sparing mastectomy and immediate breast reconstruction with gel implant: technique, preliminary results and patient-reported cosmetic outcome. Ann Surg Oncol 26:42–52
Ryu JM, Kim JY, Choi HJ, Ko B, Kim J, Cho J, Lee MH, Choi JE, Kim JH, Lee J (2022) Robot-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction: an initial experience of the Korea Robot-Endoscopy minimal access breast surgery study group (KoREa-BSG). Ann Surg 275:985–991
Bille C (2022) Perspectivising tumescent mastectomy: innovation in preserving mastectomy skin flap perfusion—a narrative review. Ann Breast Surg. https://doi.org/10.21037/abs-21-4
Seth AK, Hirsch EM, Fine NA, Dumanian GA, Mustoe TA, Galiano RD, Hansen NM, Kim JY (2011) Additive risk of tumescent technique in patients undergoing mastectomy with immediate reconstruction. Ann Surg Oncol 18:3041–3046
Comments (0)