J. G. Charney and P. G. Drazin, “Propagation of planetary-scale disturbances from the lower into the upper atmosphere,” J. Geophys. Res. 66 (1), 83–109 (1961). https://doi.org/10.1029/jz066i001p00083
M. E. McIntyre and T. N. Palmer, “Breaking planetary waves in the stratosphere,” Nature 305 (5935), 593–600 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1038/305593a0
V. N. Krupchatnikov and I. V. Borovko, “Rossby wave breaking and blocking events associated with some atmospheric circulation regimes in the Northern Hemisphere based on a climate system model (PlaSim-ICMMG-1.0),” IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 611, 012015 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/611/1/012015
M. P. Baldwin, B. Ayarzaguena, T. Birner, N. Butchart, A. H. Butler, A. J. Charlton-Perez, D. I. V. Domeisen, C. I. Garfinkel, H. Garny, E. P. Gerber, M. I. Hegglin, U. Langematz, and N. M. Pedatella, “Sudden stratospheric warmings,” Rev. Geophys. 59 (1) (2021). https://doi.org/10.1029/2020rg000708
O. S. Zorkaltseva, O. Yu. Antokhina, and P. N. Antokhin, “Long-term variations in parameters of sudden stratospheric warmings according to ERA5 reanalysis data,” Atmos. Ocean. Opt. 36 (4), 370–378 (2023).
B.-M. Kim, S.-W. Son, S.-K. Min, J.-H. Jeong, S.-J. Kim, X. Zhang, T. Shim, J.-H. Yoon, “Weakening of the stratospheric polar vortex by Arctic Sea—ice loss,” Nat. Commun. 5 (1) (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5646
Z. D. Lawrence, J. Perlwitz, A. H. Butler, G. L. Manney, P. A. Newman, S. H. Lee, and E. R. Nash, “The remarkably strong Arctic stratospheric polar vortex of winter 2020: Links to record-breaking Arctic Oscillation and ozone loss,” J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos/ 125 (22) (2020). https://doi.org/10.1029/2020jd033271
N. D. Tsvetkova, P. N. Vargin, A. N. Lukyanov, B. M. Kiryushov, V. A. Yushkov, and V. U. Khattatov, “Studying chemical ozone depletion and dynamic processes in the Arctic stratosphere in the winter 2019/2020,” Russ. Meteorol. Hydrol. 46 (9), 606–615 (2021).
I. Wohltmann, P. Gathen, R. Lehmann, H. Deckelmann, G. L. Manney, J. Davies, D. Tarasick, N. Jepsen, R. Kivi, N. Lyall, and M. Rex, “Chemical evolution of the exceptional Arctic stratospheric winter 2019/2020 compared to previous Arctic and Antarctic Winters,” J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos. 126 (18) (2021). https://doi.org/10.1029/2020jd034356
O. Yu. Antokhina, A. V. Gochakov, O. S. Zorkaltseva, P. N. Antokhin, and V. N. Krupchatnikov, “Rossby wave breaking in the stratosphere: Part I—climatology and long-term variability,” Atmos. Ocean. Opt. 37 (4), 514–521 (2024).
L. Sun, W. A. Robinson, and G. Chen, “The predictability of stratospheric warming events: More from the troposphere or the stratosphere?,” J. Atmos. Sci. 69 (2), 768–783 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-11-0144.1
P. Hitchcock and P. H. Haynes, “Stratospheric control of planetary waves,” Geophys. Rev. Lett. 43 (22) (2016). https://doi.org/10.1002/2016gl071372
O. Martius, L. M. Polvani, and H. C. Davies, “Blocking precursors to stratospheric sudden warming events,” Geophys. Rev. Lett. 36 (14) (2009). https://doi.org/10.1029/2009gl038776
Y. Peings, “Ural blocking as a driver of early winter stratospheric warmings,” Geophys. Rev. Lett. 46 (10), 5460–5468 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1029/2019gl082097
C. I. Garfinkel, S. B. Feldstein, D. W. Waugh, C. Yoo, and S. Lee, “Observed connection between stratospheric sudden warmings and the Madden-Julian Oscillation,” Geophys. Rev. Lett. 39 (18) (2012). https://doi.org/10.1029/2012gl053144
K. A. Didenko and A. I. Pogoreltsev, “Study of stationary planetary wave interactions using MCWA model data,” Trudy Voenno-Kosmicheskoi Akademii im. A.F. Mozhaiskogo, No. 674, 166–170 (2020).
J. M. Holton and H.-C. Tan, “The quasi-biennial oscillation in the Northern Hemisphere lower stratosphere,” J. Met. Soc. Jpn. Ser. II 60 (1), 140–148 (1982). https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj1965.60.1_140
H. Okui, D. Koshin, S. Watanabe, and K. Sato, “Roles of gravity waves in preconditioning of a stratospheric sudden warming,” J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos. 129 (10) (2024). https://doi.org/10.1029/2023JD039881
Y. Zhang, Y. Yi, X. Ren, and Y. Liu, “Statistical characteristics and long-term variations of major sudden stratospheric warming events,” J. Meteorol. Res. 35 (3), 416–427 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13351-021-0166-3
P. N. Vargin, S. V. Kostrykin, E. V. Rakushina, E. M. Volodin, and A. I. Pogoreltsev, “Study of the variability of spring breakup dates and arctic stratospheric polar vortex parameters from simulation and reanalysis data,” Izv., Atmos. Ocean. Phys. 56 (5), 458–469 (2020). https://doi.org/10.31857/S0002351520050119
A. Hauchecorne, C. Claud, P. Keckhut, and A. Mariaccia, “Stratospheric final warmings fall into two categories with different evolution over the course of the year,” Commun. Earth Environ. 3 (1) (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-021-00335-z
M. P. Baldwin and T. J. Dunkerton, “The stratospheric major warming of early December 1987,” J. Atmos. Sci. 46 (18), 2863–2884 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1989)046%3C2863:tsmwoe%3E2.0.co;2
G. L. Manney, J. L. Sabutis, and R. Swinbank, “A unique stratospheric warming event in November 2000,” Geophys. Rev. Lett. 28 (13), 2629–2632 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1029/2001gl012973
H. Mukougawa and T. Hirooka, “Predictability of stratospheric sudden warming: A case study for 1998/99 winter,” Mon. Weather. Rev. 132 (7), 1764–1776 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132%3C176-4:posswa%3E2.0.co;2
G. L. Manney, “The remarkable 2003-2004 winter and other recent warm winters in the Arctic stratosphere since the late 1990s,” J. Geophys. Res. 110 (D4) (2005). https://doi.org/10.1029/2004jd005367
B. Naujokat, “The early major warming in December 2001—exceptional?,” Geophys. Rev. Lett. 29 (21) (2002). https://doi.org/10.1029/2002gl015316
J. Rao, C. I. Garfinkel, H. Chen, and I. P. White, “The 2019 new year stratospheric sudden warming and its real-time predictions in multiple S2S models,” J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos. 124 (21), 11155–11174 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1029/2019jd030826
W. J. Randel and B. A. Boville, “Observations of a major stratospheric warming during December 1984,” J. Atmos. Sci. 44 (15), 2179–2186 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1987)044%3C217-9:ooamsw%3E2.0.co;2
Q. Lu, J. Rao, Z. Liang, D. Guo, J. Luo, S. Liu, C. Wang, and T. Wang, “The sudden stratospheric warming in January 2021,” Environ. Res. Lett. 16 (8), 084029 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac12f4
L. Coy, S. Eckermann, and K. Hoppel, “Planetary wave breaking and tropospheric forcing as seen in the stratospheric sudden warming of 2006,” J. Atmos. Sci. 66 (2), 495–507 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1175/2008jas2784.1
D. Nath, W. Chen, C. Zelin, A. I. Pogoreltsev, and K. Wei, “Dynamics of 2013 sudden stratospheric warming event and its impact on cold weather over Eurasia: Role of planetary wave reflection,” Sci. Rep. 6 (1) (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep24174
Y. Harada, A. Goto, H. Hasegawa, N. Fujikawa, H. Naoe, and T. Hirooka, “A major stratospheric sudden warming event in January 2009,” J. Atmos. Sci. 67 (6), 2052–2069 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1175/2009jas3320.1
A. Dornbrack, M. Pitts, L. R. Poole, Y. J. Orsolini, K. Nishii, and H. Nakamura, “The 2009-2010 Arctic stratospheric winter—general evolution, mountain waves and predictability of an operational weather forecast model,” Atmos. Chem. Phys. 12 (8), 3659–3675 (2012). https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-3659-2012
E. Tyrlis, E. Manzini, J. Bader, J. Ukita, H. Nakamura, and D. Matei, “Ural blocking driving extreme Arctic sea ice loss, cold Eurasia, and stratospheric vortex weakening in autumn and early winter 2016–2017,” J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos. 124 (21), 11313–11329 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1029/2019jd031085
J. Rao, R. Ren, H. Chen, Y. Yu, and Y. Zhou, “The stratospheric sudden warming event in February 2018 and its prediction by a climate system model,” J. Geophys. Res.: Atmos. 123 (23) (2018). https://doi.org/10.1029/2018jd028908
S. D. Steenrod, R. B. Rood, D. J. Lamich, J. E. Rosenfield, and R. C. Govindaraju, “The minor stratospheric warming of January 1989: Results from STRATAN, a stratospheric-tropospheric data assimilation system,” Mon. Weather. Rev. 120 (1), 221–229 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1992)120%3C022-1:TMSWOJ%3E2.0.CO;2
V. Limpasuvan, D. W. J. Thompson, and D. L. Hartmann, “The life cycle of the Northern Hemisphere sudden stratospheric warmings,” J. Clim. 17 (13), 2584–2596 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<2584:tlcotn>2.0.co;2
G. Boschat, I. Simmonds, A. Purich, T. Cowan, and A. B. Pezza, “On the use of composite analyses to form physical hypotheses: An example from heat wave—SST Associations,” Sci. Rep. 6 (1), 29599 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep29599
R. A. Plumb, “On the three-dimensional propagation of stationary waves,” J. Atmos. Sci. 42 (3), 217–229 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1985)042%3C0217:ottdpo%3E2.0.co;2
H. Hersbach, B. Bell, P. Berrisford, Sh. Hirahara, A. Horanyi, J. Munoz-Sabater, J. Nicolas, C. Peubey, R. Radu, D. Schepers, A. Simmons, C. Soci, S. Abdalla, X. Abellan, G. Balsamo, P. Bechtold, G. Biavati, J. Bidlot, M. Bonavita, G. de Chiara, P. Dahlgren, D. Dee, M. Diamantakis, R. Dragani, J. Flemming, R. Forbes, M. Fuentes, A. Geer, L. Haimberger, S. Healy, R. J. Hogan, E. Holm, M. Janiskova, S. Keeley, P. Laloyaux, Ph. Lopez, C. Lupu, G. Radnoti, P. de Rosnay, I. Rozum, F. Vamborg, S. Villaume, and J.-N. Thepaut, “The ERA5 global reanalysis,” Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 146 (730), 1999–2049 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3803
P. N. Vargin, A. V. Koval, and V. V. Guryanov, “Arctic stratosphere dynamical processes in the winter 2021-2022,” Atmosphere 13 (10), 1550 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13101550
K. Labitzke, “Interannual variability of the winter stratosphere in the Northern Hemisphere,” Mon. Weather. Rev. 105 (6), 762–770 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1977)105%3C0762:ivotws%3E2.0.co;2
B. Chen, H. Cui, F. Qiao, Z. Zhang, X. Sun, C. Gao, and Y. Song, “Causes of the extreme cold event in December 2023 on Eastern China,” Environ. Res. Commun. 6 (8), 081002 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ad6bf7
P. Zhang, Y. Wu, I. R. Simpson, K. L. Smith, X. Zhang, B. De, and P. Callaghan, “A stratospheric pathway linking a colder Siberia to Barents-Kara Sea ice loss,” Sci. Adv. 4 (7) (2018). https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aat6025
M. Taguchi, “Is there a statistical connection between stratospheric sudden warming and tropospheric blocking events?,” J. Atmos. Sci. 65 (4), 1442–1454 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1175/2007jas2363.1
Comments (0)