1. Elinder G, Eriksson A, Hallberg B, et al. Traumatic shaking: the role of the triad in medical investigations of suspected traumatic shaking. Acta Paediatr 2018;107:3-23. doi: 10.1111/apa.14473.

2. Vinchon M. Shaken baby syndrome: what certainty do we have? Childs Nerv Syst 2017; 33:1727-33. doi: 10.1007/s00381-017-3517-8.

3. Rosén M, Lynøe N, Elinder G, Hallberg B, Sundgren P, Eriksson A. Shaken baby syndrome and the risk of losing scientific scrutiny. Acta Paediatr 2017;106:1905-8. doi: 10.1111/apa.14056.

4. Greeley CS. Abusive head trauma: a review of the evidence base. AJR 2015;204:967–73. doi:10.2214/AJR.14.14191.

5. Maiese A, Maholmes V, Ferreira LE, Chang JJ. Pediatric abusive head trauma: a systematic review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021;11:734. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics11040734.

6. Park SY, Han MJ, Heo JH, Kim SJ. Shaken baby syndrome and accidental traumatic brain injury: characteristics and effects on legal judgment. Ann Child Neurol 2023; 31:3-11. https://doi.org/10.26815/acn.2022.00192.

7. Dur Ş. Newborn head trauma and nursing approach. Am J Biomed Sci Res 2020; 9:23-5. doi: 10.34297/AJBSR.2020.09.001346.

8. Hung KL. Pediatric abusive head trauma. Biomed J 2020;43:240-50. doi: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.03.008.

9. Lopes NRL, Williams, L. Pediatric abusive head trauma prevention initiatives: a literature review. Trauma Violenc Abuse 2018;19:555–66. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838016675479 .

10. Haydel MJ, Weisbrod LJ, Saeed W. Pediatric head trauma. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing;2024.

11. Joyce T, Gossman W, Huecker MR. Pediatric abusive head trauma. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing;2023.

12. Gelineau-Morel RN, Zinkus TP, Le Pichon JB. Pediatric head trauma: a review and update. Pediatr Rev 2019; 40:468-81. doi: 10.1542/pir.2018-0257.

13. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Pediatric abusive head trauma. Recommended definitions for public health surveillance and research. Atlanta, Georgia: The National Center for Injury Prevention and Control of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;2012. Accessed https://www.cdc.gov/child-abuse-neglect/about/PedHeadTrauma-a.pdf (03.08.2025).

14. Chhablani PP, Ambiya V, Nair AG, Bondalapati S, Chhablani J. Retinal findings on OCT in systemic conditions. Semin Ophthalmol 2018;33:525-46. doi: 10.1080/08820538.2017.1332233.

15. Saunders D, Raissaki M, Servaes S, et al. Throwing the baby out with the bath water- response to the Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services (SBU) report on traumatic shaking. Pediatr Radiol 2017;47:1386-9. doi: 10.1007/s00247-017-3932-8.

16. Alswayed SK, Aldharman SS, Alraddadi JS, Almuneef M, Aldibasi O, Alfreihi S. Ocular findings in the evaluation of abusive head trauma in children. Saudi J Ophthalmol 2024;38:280-85. doi: 10.4103/sjopt.sjopt_313_23.

17. Levin AV, Luyet FM, Knox BL. Ophthalmologic concerns in abusive head trauma. J Fam Viol 2016;31:797–804. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-016-9840-0.

18. Jenny, C. Mild abusive head injury: diagnosis and pitfalls. Childs Nerv Syst 2022; 38: 2301-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-022-05780-5.

19. Letson MM, Cooper JN, Deans KJ, Prior opportunities to identify abuse in children with abusive head trauma. Child Abuse Negl 2016; 60:36–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.09.001.

20. Cheon JE, Kim JH. Imaging of abusive head trauma: a radiologists' perspective. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2022;65:397-407. doi: 10.3340/jkns.2021.0297.

21. Amagasa S, Matsui H, Tsuji S, Moriya T, Kinoshita K. Accuracy of the history of injury obtained from the caregiver in infantile head trauma. Am J Emerg Med 2016;34:1863-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2016.06.085 .

22. Doswell A, Killough E, Zinkus TP, Sherman A, Anderst J. Examining diagnostic variability among pediatric subspecialists using case examples of infant head injury. Child Abuse Neglect 2023;144:106371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106371.

23. Magana JN, Kuppermann N. The PECARN TBI rules do not apply to abusive head trauma. Acad Emerg Med 2017;24:382-4. doi: 10.1111/acem.13155. PMID: 28039943.

24. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, et al. Updating guidance for reporting systematic reviews: development of the PRISMA 2020 statement. J Clin Epidemiol 2021;134:103–12. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.02.003.

25. Sterne JA, Hernán MA, Reeves BC, et al. ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. Br Med J 2016; 355:i4919. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i4919.

26. Oermann MH, Knafl KA. Strategies for completing a successful integrative review. Nurse Author Ed 2021;31:65‐8. https://doi.org/10.1111/nae2.30.

27. Lee EP, Hsia SH, Lin JJ, Chan OW, Wu HP. Predictors of neurologic outcomes and mortality in physically abused and unintentionally injured children: a retrospective observation study. Eur J Med Res 2023;28:441. doi: 10.1186/s40001-023-01430-x.

28. Boos SC, Wang M, Karst WA, Hymel KP. Traumatic head injury and the diagnosis of abuse: A cluster analysis. Pediatrics 2022; 149:e2021051742. doi: 10.1542/peds.2021-051742.

29. Eismann EA, Theuerling J, Cassedy A, Curry PA, Colliersa T, Makorof KL. Early developmental, behavioral, and quality of life outcomes following abusive head trauma in infants. Child Abuse Negl 2020;108:104643. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104643..

30. Gomez DA, Green EA, Palmer SK, et al. National trends in non-accidental pediatric craniofacial fractures requiring inpatient admission. J Craniofac Surg 2025;36:478-81. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000011012.

31. Eismann EA, Theuerling J, Makoroff KL. The role of household composition of children diagnosed with abusive head trauma. Child Abuse Negl 2022;104:105481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105481.

32. Hymel KP, Boos SC, Armijo-Garcia V, et al. Pediatric Brain Injury Research Network (PediBIRN) Investigators. an analysis of physicians' diagnostic reasoning regarding pediatric abusive head trauma. Child Abuse Negl 2022;129:105666. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105666.

33. Isaac R, Greeley C, Marinello M, et al. Skeletal survey yields in low vs. high risk pediatric patients with skull fractures. Child Abuse Negl 2023; 139:106130. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106130.

34. Orman G, Kralik SF, Desai NK, et al. An in-depth analysis of brain and spine neuroimaging in children with abusive head trauma: beyond the classic imaging findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022;43:764-8. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A7492.

35. Randall MM, Lee CLS, Walsh Lang C, Sampson LR, Chen BG, Brown LA. Significant initial hyperglycemia in young children with intracranial hemorrhage related to abuse. Brain Inj 2025; 39:697-700. doi: 10.1080/02699052.2025.2478417.

36. Blackwell LS, Martinez M, Fournier-Goodnight A, et al. Patterns of osteopontin expression in abusive head trauma compared with other causes of pediatric traumatic brain injury. J Pediatr 2020; 227:170-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.06.080.

37. Keenan HT, Clark A, Holubkov R, Ewing-Cobbs L. Longitudinal developmental outcomes of infants and toddlers with traumatic brain injury. JAMA Netw Open 2023;6:e2251195. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.51195.

38. Chevignard MP, Lind K. Long-term outcome of abusive head trauma. Pediatr Radiol 2014;4:S548–S58. doi: 10.1007/s00247-014-3169-8.

39. Wilson TA, Gospodarev V, Hendrix S, Minasian T. Pediatric abusive head trauma: ThinkFirst national injury prevention foundation. Surg Neurol Int 2021;12:526. doi: 10.25259/SNI_194_2021.

40. Berger RP, Fromkin J, Herman B, et al. Validation of the Pittsburgh Infant Brain Injury Score for abusive head trauma. Pediatrics 2016; 138:e20153756. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-3756.

41. Duhaime AC, Christian CW. Abusive head trauma: evidence, obfuscation, and informed management. J Neurosurg Pediatr 2019;24:481–8. https://doi.org/10.3171/2019.7.PEDS18394.

42. Vinchon M, de Foort-Dhellemmes S, Desurmont M, Delestret I. Confessed abuse versus witnessed accidents in infants: comparison of clinical, radiological, and ophthalmological data in corroborated cases. Childs Nerv Syst 2010; 26:637–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-009-1048-7.

43. Riney LC, Frey TM, Fain ET, Duma EM, Bennett BL, Murtagh Kurowski E. Standardizing the evaluation of nonaccidental trauma in a large pediatric emergency department. Pediatrics 2018; 141:e20171994. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-1994.

44. Porto L, Bartels MB, Zwaschka J, et al. Abusive head trauma: experience improves diagnosis. Neuroradiology 2021; 63:417–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00234-020-02564-z.

45. Berger RP, Kochanek PM, Pierce MC. Biochemical markers of brain injury: could they be used as diagnostic adjuncts in cases of inficted traumatic brain injury? Child Abuse Negl 2004; 28:739–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2004.01.00.7

46. Berger RP, Hymel K, Gao WM. The use of biomarkers after inficted traumatic brain injury: insight into etiology, pathophysiology, and biochemistry. Clin Pediatr Emerg Med 2006;7:186–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpem.2006.06.001.

47. Jeon BJ. Analysis of precedents related to child abuse cases in child care centers applied to the act on punishment against child abuses and its implications. J Korea Contents Assoc 2022; 22:538-46. doi:10.5392/JKCA.2022.22.03.538.

48. Berkowitz CD. Physical abuse of children. N Engl J Med 2017;376:1659-66. doi: 10.1056/NEJMcp1701446.

49. Ludvigsson JF. Extensive shaken baby syndrome review provides a clear signal that more research is needed. Acta Paediatr 2017; 106:1028-30. doi: 10.1111/apa.13765.

50. Mankad K, Sidpra J, Oates AJ, Calder A, Ofah AC, Choudhary A. Sibling screening in suspected abusive head trauma: a proposed guideline. Pediatr Radiol 2021;51:872–5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00247-020-04917-5.