Background Women with HIV face elevated cervical cancer risks, compounded by social conditions that influence both disease outcomes. Current models fail to adequately capture the complex interactions between diseases and social determinants.

Methods We enhanced a mixed agent and compartment model for HIV and cervical cancer (MAC-HIV-CC) to model disparities by social conditions. We analyzed the impact of hypothetical 100% efficacious interventions over 30 years (2018-2048): (1) an HIV care intervention that eliminates disparities in viral load suppression between social groups, (2) a sexual behavior intervention aligning behaviors of women who exchange sex with those who do not, and (3) a combination of both interventions.

Results The HIV care intervention reduced HIV incidence by 26.9% and cervical cancer cases by 14.5% among HIV-positive women. The sexual behavior intervention decreased HIV prevalence by 8.1% and HPV prevalence by 36.1% among HIV-positive women engaged in exchange sex. The combination intervention reduced HIV prevalence by 25.3%, HIV incidence by 34.3%, and cervical cancer cases by 37.5% in the target population.

Conclusions The proposed framework provides a novel approach for health equity analyses by modeling social determinants that are common pathways to interrelated diseases and health disparities. Such a model is of significance for cost-effectiveness intervention analyses of interrelated diseases.

The authors have declared no competing interest.

This work was funded by the National Science Foundation under grant #1915481. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.

Yes

I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals.

Yes

I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance).

Yes

I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines, such as any relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material, if applicable.

Yes

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article, its companion articles 10,50, and the supplementary information files.