Yoshino T, Mizunuma N, Yamazaki K, Nishina T, Komatsu Y, Baba H, et al. TAS-102 monotherapy for pretreated metastatic colorectal cancer: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2012;13(10):993–1001.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mayer RJ, Van Cutsem E, Falcone A, Yoshino T, Garcia-Carbonero R, Mizunuma N, et al. Randomized trial of TAS-102 for refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(20):1909–19.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Xu J, Kim TW, Shen L, Sriuranpong V, Pan H, Xu R, et al. Results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III trial of trifluridine/tipiracil (TAS-102) monotherapy in Asian patients with previously treated metastatic colorectal cancer: the TERRA study. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(4):350–8.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shitara K, Doi T, Dvorkin M, Mansoor W, Arkenau H-T, Prokharau A, et al. Trifluridine/tipiracil versus placebo in patients with heavily pretreated metastatic gastric cancer (TAGS): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19(11):1437–48.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Raedler LA. Lonsurf (trifluridine plus tipiracil): a new oral treatment approved for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Am Health Drug Benefits. 2016;9(Spec Feature):97–100.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Les Laboratoires Servier. Lonsurf (trifluridine/tipiracil) [package insert]. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/product-information/lonsurf-epar-product-information_en.pdf

Desbuissons G, Ngango L, Brochériou I, Fournier P. IgA nephropathy associated with trifluridine/tipiracil: a case report. Nephron. 2020;144(10):506–8.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Aria AB, Chen L, Glass WF, Lahoti A, Chon SY. Leukocytoclastic vasculitis with late-onset Henoch-Schönlein purpura after trifluridine/tipiracil treatment. Dermatol Online J. 2018;24(10). Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30677817/

Fakhouri F, Le Quintrec M, Frémeaux-Bacchi V. Practical management of C3 glomerulopathy and Ig-mediated MPGN: facts and uncertainties. Kidney Int. 2020;98(5):1135–48.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sethi S, Fervenza FC. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis: pathogenetic heterogeneity and proposal for a new classification. Semin Nephrol. 2011;31(4):341–8.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jeyabalan A, Trivedi M. Paraneoplastic glomerular diseases. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2022;29(2):116-126.e1.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ryu J-H, Chung SS, Ryu D-R, Kim S-J, Kang D-H, Sung SH, et al. A case of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis associated with metastatic colon cancer. Korean J Intern Med. 2013;28(2):254–7.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chan S, Oliver KA, Gray NA. An association between membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and metastatic colorectal carcinoma: a case report. J Med Case Rep. 2016;10(1):199.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Severova G, Karanfilovski V, Naunovska L, Suleyman S, Markovska ZS, Gjorgjievski N, et al. Association between membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and colorectal cancer—a case report. Pril (Makedon Akad Nauk Umet Odd Med Nauki). 2024;45(2):31–6.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Masani N, Jhaveri KD, Fishbane S. Update on membranoproliferative GN. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014;9(3):600–8.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Goodship THJ, Cook HT, Fakhouri F, Fervenza FC, Frémeaux-Bacchi V, Kavanagh D, et al. Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome and C3 glomerulopathy: conclusions from a “Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes” (KDIGO) controversies conference. Kidney Int. 2017;91(3):539–51.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nakagawa T, Tanabe K, Croker BP, Johnson RJ, Grant MB, Kosugi T, et al. Endothelial dysfunction as a potential contributor in diabetic nephropathy. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2011;7(1):36–44.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Person F, Rinschen MM, Brix SR, Wulf S, Noriega MLM, Fehrle W, et al. Bevacizumab-associated glomerular microangiopathy. Mod Pathol. 2019;32(5):684–700.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Trujillo H, Sandino J, Cavero T, Caravaca-Fontán F, Gutiérrez E, Sevillano ÁM, et al. IgA nephropathy is the most common underlying disease in patients with anticoagulant-related nephropathy. Kidney Int Rep. 2022;7(4):831–40.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jia H-J, Zhou M, Vashisth MK, Xia J, Hua H, Dai Q-L, et al. Trifluridine induces HUVECs senescence by inhibiting mTOR-dependent autophagy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2022;610:119–26.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tsunekuni K, Kawakami H, Matsuoka K, Nagase H, Mitani S, Nakagawa K. Efficacy of combination chemotherapy using a novel oral chemotherapeutic agent, FTD/TPI, with ramucirumab Murine version DC101 in a mouse syngeneic cancer transplantation model. J Clin Med. 2020;9(12):4050.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mazzierli T, Allegretta F, Maffini E, Allinovi M. Drug-induced thrombotic microangiopathy: an updated review of causative drugs, pathophysiology, and management. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:1088031.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Estrada CC, Maldonado A, Mallipattu SK. Therapeutic inhibition of VEGF signaling and associated nephrotoxicities. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2019;30(2):187–200.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Izzedine H, Escudier B, Lhomme C, Pautier P, Rouvier P, Gueutin V, et al. Kidney diseases associated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF): an 8-year observational study at a single center. Medicine (Baltimore). 2014;93(24):333–9.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Padilha WSC, Cesar BN, Pacheco ST, De Sousa AA, Ledesma FL, Malheiros DMAC, et al. Bevacizumab-associated thrombotic microangiopathy treated with eculizumab: a case report. Am J Case Rep. 2023;30(24): e940906.

Google Scholar 

Usui J, Glezerman IG, Salvatore SP, Chandran CB, Flombaum CD, Seshan SV. Clinicopathological spectrum of kidney diseases in cancer patients treated with vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors: a report of 5 cases and review of literature. Hum Pathol. 2014;45(9):1918–27.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

George BA, Zhou XJ, Toto R. Nephrotic syndrome after bevacizumab: case report and literature review. Am J Kidney Dis. 2007;49(2):e23–9.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wu S, Kim C, Baer L, Zhu X. Bevacizumab increases risk for severe proteinuria in cancer patients. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010;21(8):1381–9.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yamada R, Okawa T, Matsuo K, Suzuki M, Mori N, Mori K. Renal-limited thrombotic microangiopathy after switching from bevacizumab to ramucirumab: a case report. BMC Nephrol. 2019;20(1):14.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nakano Y, Kumagai J, Nagahama K, Fujisawa H. A case of ramucirumab-induced renal failure with nephrotic-range proteinuria and its pathological findings. BMJ Case Rep. 2021;14(3): e239603.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dote S, Shiwaku E, Kohno E, Fujii R, Mashimo K, Morimoto N, et al. Impact of prior bevacizumab therapy on the incidence of ramucirumab-induced proteinuria in colorectal cancer: a multi-institutional cohort study. Int J Clin Oncol. 2023;28(8):1054–62.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Prager GW, Taieb J, Fakih M, Ciardiello F, Van Cutsem E, Elez E, et al. Trifluridine-tipiracil and bevacizumab in refractory metastatic colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2023;388(18):1657–67.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. LONSURF (trifluridine and tipiracil) [package insert]. [cited 2024 Nov 1]. Available from: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2023/207981s012lbl.pdf