Saghazadeh A, Hafizi S, Rezaei N. Inflammation in venous thromboembolism: cause or consequence? Int Immunopharmacol. 2015;28:655–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intimp.2015.07.044.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Di Nisio M, van Es N, Büller HR. Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Lancet. 2016;388:3060–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30514-1.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dalen JE. Pulmonary embolism: what have we learned since Virchow? Chest. 2002;122:1440–56. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.122.4.1440.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Raskob G, Angchaisuksiri P, Blanco A, et al. Thrombosis: a major contributor to global disease burden. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2014;40:724–35. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0034-1390325.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Suh YJ, Hong H, Ohana M, et al. Pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Radiology. 2021;298:E70–80. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020203557.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Riyahi S, Dev H, Behzadi A, et al. Pulmonary embolism in hospitalized patients with COVID-19: a multicenter study. Radiology. 2021;301:E426–33. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2021210777.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Miró Ò, Jiménez S, Mebazaa A, et al. Pulmonary embolism in patients with COVID-19: incidence, risk factors, clinical characteristics, and outcome. Eur Heart J. 2021;42:3127–42. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehab314.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kho J, Ioannou A, Van den Abbeele K, et al. Pulmonary embolism in COVID-19: clinical characteristics and cardiac implications. Am J Emerg Med. 2020;38:2142–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2020.07.054.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yousaf M, Thomas MM, Almughalles S, et al. Pulmonary embolism in COVID-19, risk factors and association with inflammatory biomarkers. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023;102: e32887. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000032887.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cronenwett JL, Anderson FA. Physician practices in the management of venous thromboembolism: a community-wide survey. J Vasc Surg. 1992;16: a41080. https://doi.org/10.1067/mva.1992.41080.

Article  Google Scholar 

Fox EA, Kahn SR. The relationship between inflammation and venous thrombosis. Thromb Haemost. 2005;94:362–5. https://doi.org/10.1160/TH05-04-0266.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Riva N, Donadini MP, Ageno W. Epidemiology and pathophysiology of venous thromboembolism: similarities with atherothrombosis and the role of inflammation. Thromb Haemost. 2015;113:1176–83. https://doi.org/10.1160/TH14-06-0563.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Turetz M, Sideris AT, Friedman OA, et al. Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and natural history of pulmonary embolism. Semin Intervent Radiol. 2018;35:92–8. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1642036.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Konstantinides SV, Meyer G, Becattini C, et al. 2019 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society (ERS). Eur Heart J. 2020;41:543–603. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz405.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hughes K, Hussaini Z, Shah MK, et al. COVID-19 and acute pulmonary embolism: a case series and brief review. Am J Med Sci. 2021;361:646–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjms.2020.12.005.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dane B, Smereka P, Wain R, et al. Hypercoagulability in patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19): identification of arterial and venous thromboembolism in the abdomen, pelvis, and lower extremities. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2021;216:104–5. https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.20.23617.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Masci GM, Izzo A, Bonito G, et al. Chest CT features of COVID-19 in vaccinated versus unvaccinated patients: use of CT severity score and outcome analysis. Radiol Med. 2023;128:934–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11547-023-01664-z.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Varadarajan V, Shabani M, AmbaleVenkatesh B, Lima JAC. Role of imaging in diagnosis and management of COVID-19: a multiorgan multimodality imaging review. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.765975.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pezzutti DL, Wadhwa V, Makary MS. COVID-19 imaging: diagnostic approaches, challenges, and evolving advances. World J Radiol. 2021;13:171–91. https://doi.org/10.4329/wjr.v13.i6.171.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kanne JP, Bai H, Bernheim A, et al. COVID-19 imaging: what we know now and what remains unknown. Radiology. 2021;299:E262–79. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2021204522.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Trunz LM, Lee P, Lange SM, et al. Imaging approach to COVID-19 associated pulmonary embolism. Int J Clin Pract. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.14340.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wismüller A, DSouza AM, Abidin AZ, et al. Early-stage COVID-19 pandemic observations on pulmonary embolism using nationwide multi-institutional data harvesting. NPJ Digit Med. 2022;5: 120. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-022-00653-2.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dalpiaz G, Gamberini L, Carnevale A, et al. Clinical implications of microvascular CT scan signs in COVID-19 patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. Radiol Med. 2022;127:162–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11547-021-01444-7.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Brandi N, Ciccarese F, Balacchi C, et al. Co-infections and superinfections in COVID-19 critically ill patients are associated with CT imaging abnormalities and the worst outcomes. Diagnostics. 2022;12:1617. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12071617.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chong WH, Saha BK, Ramani A, Chopra A. State-of-the-art review of secondary pulmonary infections in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Infection. 2021;49:591–605. https://doi.org/10.1007/s15010-021-01602-z.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Naranje P, Bhalla AS, Jana M, et al. Imaging of pulmonary superinfections and co-infections in COVID-19. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol. 2022;51:768–78. https://doi.org/10.1067/j.cpradiol.2021.09.009.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wada N, Li Y, Gagne S, et al. Incidence and severity of pulmonary embolism in COVID-19 infection: ancestral, Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023;102: e36417. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000036417.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Katsoularis I, Fonseca-Rodríguez O, Farrington P, et al. Risks of deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and bleeding after covid-19: nationwide self-controlled cases series and matched cohort study. BMJ. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2021-069590.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kearon C, Akl EA, Comerota AJ, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease. Chest. 2012;141:e419S-e496S. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.11-2301.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sista AK, Kuo WT, Schiebler M, Madoff DC. Stratification, imaging, and management of acute massive and submassive pulmonary embolism. Radiology. 2017;284:5–24. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2017151978.

Article  PubMed