Falk RH, Comenzo RL, Skinner M. The systemic amyloidoses. N Engl J Med. 1997;337(13):898–909.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kitaoka H, Izumi C, Izumiya Y, Inomata T, Ueda M, Kubo T, et al. JCS 2020 guideline on diagnosis and treatment of cardiac amyloidosis. Circ J. 2020;84(9):1610–71.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Palladini G, Milani P, Merlini G. Management of AL amyloidosis in 2020. Blood. 2020;136(23):2620–7.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kyle RA, Greipp PR, O’Fallon WM. Primary systemic amyloidosis: multivariate analysis for prognostic factors in 168 cases. Blood. 1986;68(1):220–4.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Milani P, Merlini G, Palladini G. light chain amyloidosis. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis. 2018;10(1): e2018022.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gillmore JD, Wechalekar A, Bird J, Cavenagh J, Hawkins S, Kazmi M, et al. Guidelines on the diagnosis and investigation of AL amyloidosis. Br J Haematol. 2015;168(2):207–18.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ueda M, Ando Y. Recent advances in transthyretin amyloidosis therapy. Transl Neurodegener. 2014;3:19.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Klaassen SHC, Tromp J, Nienhuis HLA, van der Meer P, van den Berg MP, Blokzijl H, et al. Frequency of and prognostic significance of cardiac involvement at presentation in hereditary transthyretin-derived amyloidosis and the value of N-terminal Pro-B-type natriuretic peptide. Am J Cardiol. 2018;121(1):107–12.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kristen AV, Scherer K, Buss S, Aus Dem Siepen F, Haufe S, Bauer R, et al. Noninvasive risk stratification of patients with transthyretin amyloidosis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2014;7(5):502–10.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Takashio S, Yamada T, Nishi M, Morioka M, Fujiyama A, Nakashima N, et al. Sex-related differences in the clinical characteristics of wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis cardiomyopathy. J Cardiol. 2022;79(1):50–7.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Connors LH, Sam F, Skinner M, Salinaro F, Sun F, Ruberg FL, et al. Heart failure resulting from age-related cardiac amyloid disease associated with wild-type transthyretin: a prospective. Observational Cohort Study Circ. 2016;133(3):282–90.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Yamada T, Takashio S, Arima Y, Nishi M, Morioka M, Hirakawa K, et al. Clinical characteristics and natural history of wild-type transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy in Japan. ESC Heart Fail. 2020;7:2829.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Falk RH, Dubrey SW. Amyloid heart disease. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2010;52(4):347–61.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Maurer MS, Schwartz JH, Gundapaneni B, Elliott PM, Merlini G, Waddington-Cruz M, et al. Tafamidis treatment for patients with transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(11):1007–16.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ichikawa Y, Oota E, Odajima S, Kintsu M, Todo S, Takeuchi K, et al. Impact of tafamidis on echocardiographic cardiac function of patients with transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis. Circ J. 2023;87(4):508–16.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kuyama N, Takashio S, Oguni T, Yamamoto M, Hirakawa K, Ishii M, et al. Cardiac biomarker change at 1 year after tafamidis treatment and clinical outcomes in patients with transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy. J Am Heart Assoc. 2024;13(10): e034518.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ochi Y, Kubo T, Baba Y, Sugiura K, Miyagawa K, Noguchi T, et al. Early experience of Tafamidis treatment in Japanese patients with wild-type transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis from the Kochi amyloidosis cohort. Circ J. 2022;86(7):1121–8.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gillmore JD, Maurer MS, Falk RH, Merlini G, Damy T, Dispenzieri A, et al. Nonbiopsy diagnosis of cardiac transthyretin amyloidosis. Circulation. 2016;133(24):2404–12.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kittleson MM, Maurer MS, Ambardekar AV, Bullock-Palmer RP, Chang PP, Eisen HJ, et al. Cardiac amyloidosis: evolving diagnosis and management: a scientific statement from the American heart association. Circulation. 2020;142(1):e7–22.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Garcia-Pavia P, Rapezzi C, Adler Y, Arad M, Basso C, Brucato A, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of cardiac amyloidosis: a position statement of the ESC Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(16):1554–68.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kittleson MM, Ruberg FL, Ambardekar AV, Brannagan TH, Cheng RK, Clarke JO, et al. 2023 ACC expert consensus decision pathway on comprehensive multidisciplinary care for the patient with cardiac amyloidosis: a report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2023;81(11):1076–126.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nishi M, Takashio S, Morioka M, Fujiyama A, Nakashima N, Hirakawa K, et al. Extracardiac biopsy sensitivity in transthyretin amyloidosis cardiomyopathy patients with positive (99 m)Tc-labeled pyrophosphate scintigraphy findings. Circ J. 2022;86(7):1113–20.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Boldrini M, Cappelli F, Chacko L, Restrepo-Cordoba MA, Lopez-Sainz A, Giannoni A, et al. Multiparametric echocardiography scores for the diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2020;13(4):909–20.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lyon AR, López-Fernández T, Couch LS, Asteggiano R, Aznar MC, Bergler-Klein J, et al. 2022 ESC guidelines on cardio-oncology developed in collaboration with the European hematology association (EHA), the European society for therapeutic radiology and oncology (ESTRO) and the international cardio-oncology society (IC-OS). Eur Heart J. 2022;43(41):4229–361.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Koyama J, Ikeda S, Ikeda U. Echocardiographic assessment of the cardiac amyloidoses. Circ J. 2015;79(4):721–34.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Selvanayagam JB, Hawkins PN, Paul B, Myerson SG, Neubauer S. Evaluation and management of the cardiac amyloidosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;50(22):2101–10.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Borer JS, Henry WL, Epstein SE. Echocardiographic observations in patients with systemic infiltrative disease involving the heart. Am J Cardiol. 1977;39(2):184–8.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Child JS, Krivokapich J, Abbasi AS. Increased right ventricular wall thickness on echocardiography in amyloid infiltrative cardiomyopathy. Am J Cardiol. 1979;44(7):1391–5.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Siqueira-Filho AG, Cunha CL, Tajik AJ, Seward JB, Schattenberg TT, Giuliani ER. M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiographic features in cardiac amyloidosis. Circulation. 1981;63(1):188–96.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chew C, Ziady GM, Raphael MJ, Oakley CM. The functional defect in amyloid heart disease. The “stiff heart” syndrome. Am J Cardiol. 1975;36(4):438–44.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hamer JP, Janssen S, van Rijswijk MH, Lie KI. Amyloid cardiomyopathy in systemic non-hereditary amyloidosis. Clinical, echocardiographic and electrocardiographic findings in 30 patients with AA and 24 patients with AL amyloidosis. Eur Heart J. 1992;13(5):623–7.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ota S, Izumiya Y, Kitada R, Nishi T, Taruya A, Wada T, et al. Diagnostic significance of paradoxical left ventricular hypertrophy in detecting cardiac amyloidosis. Int J Cardiol Heart Vasc. 2023;49: 101279.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rahman JE, Helou EF, Gelzer-Bell R, Thompson RE, Kuo C, Rodriguez ER, et al. Noninvasive diagnosis of biopsy-proven cardiac amyloidosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43(3):410–5.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gonzalez-Lopez E, Gagliardi C, Dominguez F, Quarta CC, de Haro-Del Moral FJ, Milandri A, et al. Clinical characteristics of wild-type transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis: disproving myths. Eur Heart J. 2017;38(24):1895–904.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rapezzi C, Merlini G, Quarta CC, Riva L, Longhi S, Leone O, et al. Systemic cardiac amyloidoses: disease profiles and clinical courses of the 3 main types. Circulation. 2009;120(13):1203–12.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cyrille NB, Goldsmith J, Alvarez J, Maurer MS. Prevalence and prognostic significance of low QRS voltage among the three main types of cardiac amyloidosis. Am J Cardiol. 2014;114(7):1089–93.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Klein AL, Hatle LK, Burstow DJ, Seward JB, Kyle RA, Bailey KR, et al. Doppler characterization of left ventricular diastolic function in cardiac amyloidosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1989;13(5):1017–26.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Klein AL, Hatle LK, Taliercio CP, Oh JK, Kyle RA, Gertz MA, et al. Prognostic significance of Doppler measures of diastolic function in cardiac amyloidosis. A Doppler echocardiography study. Circulation. 1991;83(3):808–16.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Klein AL, Hatle LK, Burstow DJ, Taliercio CP, Seward JB, Kyle RA, et al. Comprehensive Doppler assessment of right ventricular diastolic function in cardiac amyloidosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1990;15(1):99–108.

CAS