Bray GAPJ. An Historical Review of Steps and missteps in the Discovery of Anti-obesity drugs. South Dartmouth (MA): Endotext [Internet]; 2022.
Saxon DR, Iwamoto SJ, Mettenbrink CJ, McCormick E, Arterburn D, Daley MF, et al. Antiobesity medication use in 2.2 million adults across eight large Health Care organizations: 2009–2015. Obesity. 2019;27(12):1975–81.
Sjöström L, Rissanen A, Andersen T, Boldrin M, Golay A, Koppeschaar HP, et al. Randomised placebo-controlled trial of orlistat for weight loss and prevention of weight regain in obese patients. European Multicentre Orlistat Study Group. Lancet. 1998;352(9123):167–72.
Sherman S MM, Ungureanu, Rey JA. Naltrexone/Bupropion ER (Contrave): newly approved treatment option for Chronic Weight Management in obese adults. P T. 2016;41(3):164–72.
Aronne LJ, Wadden TA, Peterson C, Winslow D, Odeh S, Gadde KM. Evaluation of phentermine and topiramate versus phentermine/topiramate extended-release in obese adults. Obes (Silver Spring). 2013;21(11):2163–71.
Emmerich SD, Fryar CD, Stierman B, Ogden CL, Obesity. and Severe Obesity Prevalence in Adults: United States, August 2021-August 2023 Key findings Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey [Internet]. 2021. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/index.htm
Després JP, Carpentier AC, Tchernof A, Neeland IJ, Poirier P. Management of obesity in Cardiovascular Practice: JACC Focus Seminar. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Volume 78. Elsevier Inc.; 2021. pp. 513–31.
Prospective Studies Collaboration, Whitlock G, Lewington S, Sherliker P, Clarke R, Emberson J, et al. Body-mass index and cause-specific mortality in 900 000 adults: collaborative analyses of 57 prospective studies. Lancet. 2009;373(9669):1083–96.
Article PubMed Central Google Scholar
Abdelaal M, le Roux CW, Docherty NG. Morbidity and mortality associated with obesity. Ann Transl Med. 2017;5(7):161.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Bays HE, Kirkpatrick CF, Maki KC, Toth PP, Morgan RT, Tondt J, et al. Obesity, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease: a joint expert review from the Obesity Medicine Association and the National Lipid Association 2024. J Clin Lipidol. 2024;18(3):e320–50.
Ginsberg HN, Packard CJ, Chapman MJ, Borén J, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Averna M, et al. Triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and their remnants: metabolic insights, role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, and emerging therapeutic strategies-a consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(47):4791–806.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Jacobson TA, Ito MK, Maki KC, Orringer CE, Bays HE, Jones PH, et al. National lipid association recommendations for patient-centered management of dyslipidemia: part 1–full report. J Clin Lipidol. 2015;9(2):129–69.
Kenneth R. Feingold. Endotext [Internet]. Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Blackman MR, editors. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2023.
Garrison RJ, Wilson PW, Castelli WP, Feinleib M, Kannel WB, McNamara PM. Obesity and lipoprotein cholesterol in the Framingham offspring study. Metabolism. 1980;29(11):1053–60.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Simonen P, Gylling H, Howard AN, Miettinen TA. Introducing a new component of the metabolic syndrome: low cholesterol absorption. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;72(1):82–8.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Kim HJ, Jeong S, Oh YH, Park SJ, Cho Y, Park SM. Changes in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with risk of Cardiovascular Disease among initially high-density lipoprotein-high participants. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2023;22(1):71.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Teng RL, Wang H, Sun BC, Cai DP, He YM. Interaction between lipoprotein (a) levels and body mass index in first incident acute myocardial infarction. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2020;20(1):350.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Piccirillo F, Mastroberardino S, Nusca A, Frau L, Guarino L, Napoli N et al. Novel antidiabetic agents and their effects on lipid Profile: a single shot for several Cardiovascular targets. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(12).
Arnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, Buroker AB, Goldberger ZD, Hahn EJ, et al. 2019 ACC/AHA Guideline on the primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice guidelines. Circulation. 2019;140(11):e596–646.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Estruch R, Ros E, Salas-Salvadó J, Covas MI, Corella D, Arós F, et al. Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease with a Mediterranean Diet supplemented with Extra-virgin Olive oil or nuts. N Engl J Med. 2018;378(25):e34.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Sjöström L, Narbro K, Sjöström CD, Karason K, Larsson B, Wedel H, et al. Effects of bariatric surgery on mortality in Swedish obese subjects. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(8):741–52.
Mentias A, Aminian A, Youssef D, Pandey A, Menon V, Cho L, et al. Long-Term Cardiovascular outcomes after bariatric surgery in the Medicare Population. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;79(15):1429–37.
Chan DC, Watts GF, Ng TWK, Yamashita S, Barrett PHR. Effect of weight loss on markers of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein metabolism in the metabolic syndrome. Eur J Clin Invest. 2008;38(10):743–51.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Jensen MD, Ryan DH, Apovian CM, Ard JD, Comuzzie AG, Donato KA, et al. 2013 AHA/ACC/TOS guideline for the management of overweight and obesity in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice guidelines and the obesity society. Circulation. 2014;129(25 Suppl 2):S102–38.
Look AHEADR, Group, Pi-Sunyer X, Blackburn G, Brancati FL, Bray GA, Bright R, et al. Reduction in weight and cardiovascular disease risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes: one-year results of the look AHEAD trial. Diabetes Care. 2007;30(6):1374–83.
Zomer E, Gurusamy K, Leach R, Trimmer C, Lobstein T, Morris S, et al. Interventions that cause weight loss and the impact on cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2016;17(10):1001–11.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Mach F, Baigent C, Catapano AL, Koskinas KC, Casula M, Badimon L, et al. 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk. Eur Heart J. 2020;41(1):111–88.
Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL, Beam C, Birtcher KK, Blumenthal RS, AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA et al. /ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the Management of Blood Cholesterol: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2019;139(25):e1082–143.
Andersen RE, Wadden TA, Bartlett SJ, Vogt RA, Weinstock RS. Relation of weight loss to changes in serum lipids and lipoproteins in obese women. Am J Clin Nutr. 1995;62(2):350–7.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Paluch AE, Boyer WR, Franklin BA, Laddu D, Lobelo F, Lee DC, et al. Resistance Exercise training in individuals with and without Cardiovascular Disease: 2023 Update: A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2024;149(3):e217–31.
Jacobson TA, Maki KC, Orringer CE, Jones PH, Kris-Etherton P, Sikand G, et al. National Lipid Association Recommendations for patient-centered management of Dyslipidemia: part 2. J Clin Lipidol. 2015;9(6 Suppl):S1–e1221.
Brown JD, Buscemi J, Milsom V, Malcolm R, O’Neil PM. Effects on cardiovascular risk factors of weight losses limited to 5–10. Transl Behav Med. 2016;6(3):339–46.
Wilding JPH, Batterham RL, Calanna S, Davies M, Van Gaal LF, Lingvay I, et al. Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(11):989–1002.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Pi-Sunyer X, Astrup A, Fujioka K, Greenway F, Halpern A, Krempf M, et al. A Randomized, Controlled Trial of 3.0 mg of Liraglutide in Weight Management. N Engl J Med. 2015;373(1):11–22.
Jastreboff AM, Aronne LJ, Ahmad NN, Wharton S, Connery L, Alves B, et al. Tirzepatide once Weekly for the treatment of obesity. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(3):205–16.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Deacon CF, Ahrén B. Physiology of incretins in health and disease. Rev Diabet Stud. 2011;8(3):293–306.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Wegovy [package insert]. Bagsvaerd, Denmark: Novo Nordisk A/S; 2024.
Zepbound [package insert]. Indianapolis, IN: Lilly US, LLC; 2024.
Baggio LL, Drucker DJ. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors in the brain: controlling food intake and body weight. J Clin Invest. 2014;124(10):4223–6.
Comments (0)