Reid IR, Ames RW, Evans MC, Gamble GD, Sharpe SJ. Effect of calcium supplementation on bone loss in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med. 1993;328(7):460–4.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Black DM, Bauer DC, Vittinghoff E, Lui L-Y, Grauer A, Marin F, et al. Treatment-related changes in bone mineral density as a surrogate biomarker for fracture risk reduction: meta-regression analyses of individual patient data from multiple randomised controlled trials. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020;8(8):672–82.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chapuy MC, Arlot ME, Duboeuf F, Brun J, Crouzet B, Arnaud S, et al. Vitamin D3 and calcium to prevent hip fractures in the elderly women. N Engl J Med. 1992;327(23):1637–42.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Grandfield K, Vuong V, Schwarcz HP. Ultrastructure of bone: hierarchical features from nanometer to Micrometer Scale revealed in focused Ion Beam sections in the TEM. Calcif Tissue Int. 2018;103(6):606–16.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nicholls L, Nimalasuriya A. Adaptation to a low calcium intake in reference to the calcium requirements of a tropical population. J Nutr. 1939;18(6):563–77.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Walker ARP. Some aspects of Nutritional Research in South-Africa. Nutr Rev. 1956;14(11):321–4.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pathak CL. Nutritional adaptation to low dietary intakes of calories, proteins, vitamins, and minerals in the tropics. Am J Clin Nutr. 1958;6(2):151–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Malm OJ. Calcium requirement and adaptation in adult men. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1958;10(Supp 36):1–290.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hegsted DM, Moscoso I, Collazos Ch C. A study of the Minimum Calcium requirements of adult men. J Nutr. 1952;46(2):181–201.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Thandrayen K, Pettifor JM. The roles of vitamin D and dietary calcium in nutritional rickets. Bone Rep. 2018;8:81–9.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. World Health Organisation. Handbook on human nutritional requirments [Internet]. Geneva1974.

Heaney RP, Recker RR, Saville PD. Calcium balance and calcium requirements in middle-aged women. Am J Clin Nutr. 1977;30:1603–11.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Heaney RP, Recker RR, Saville PD. Menopausal changes in calcium balance performance. J Lab Clin Med. 1978;92:953–63.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Reid IR, Bristow SM, Bolland MJ. Calcium supplements: benefits and risks. J Intern Med. 2015;278(4):354–68.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bristow SM, Horne AM, Gamble GD, Mihov B, Stewart A, Reid IR. Dietary calcium intake and bone loss over 6 years in Osteopenic Postmenopausal Women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019;104(8):3576–84.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Reid IR, Mason B, Horne A, Ames R, Reid HE, Bava U, et al. Randomized controlled trial of calcium in healthy older women. Am J Med. 2006;119(9):777–85.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hunt CD, Johnson LK. Calcium requirements: new estimations for men and women by cross-sectional statistical analyses of calcium balance data from metabolic studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;86(4):1054–63.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fang AP, Li KJ, Shi HY, He JJ, Li H. Habitual dietary calcium intakes and calcium metabolism in healthy adults Chinese: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2016;25(4):776–84.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bristow SM, Gamble GD, Horne AM, Reid IR. Dietary calcium intake and rate of bone loss in men. Brit J Nutr. 2017:1–7.

Anderson JJB, Roggenkamp KJ, Suchindran CM. Calcium intakes and femoral and Lumbar Bone Density of Elderly U.S. Men and Women: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2006 analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97(12):4531–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Dawson-Hughes B, Baron JA, Burckhardt P, Li R, Spiegelman D, et al. Calcium intake and hip fracture risk in men and women: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;86(6):1780–90.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bolland MJ, Leung W, Tai V, Bastin S, Gamble GD, Grey A, et al. Calcium intake and risk of fracture: systematic review. BMJ. 2015;351:h4580.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kanis JA, Passmore R. Calcium supplementation of the diet.1. BMJ. 1989;298(6667):137–40.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kanis JA. Calcium requiremetns for optimal skeletal health in women. Calcif Tissue Int. 1991;49(suppl):S33–41.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Spiegel DM, Brady K. Calcium balance in normal individuals and in patients with chronic kidney disease on low- and high-calcium diets. Kidney Int. 2012;81(11):1116–22.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Schini M, Vilaca T, Gossiel F, Salam S, Eastell R. Bone turnover markers: Basic Biology to Clinical Applications. Endocr Rev. 2023;44(3):417–73.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bristow SM, Gamble GD, Stewart A, Horne L, House ME, Aati O, et al. Acute and 3-month effects of microcrystalline hydroxyapatite, calcium citrate and calcium carbonate on serum calcium and markers of bone turnover: a randomised controlled trial in postmenopausal women. Brit J Nutr. 2014;112(10):1611–20.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Reid IR, Ames R, Mason B, Reid HE, Bacon CJ, Bolland MJ, et al. Randomized controlled trial of calcium supplementation in healthy, nonosteoporotic, older men. Arch Int Med. 2008;168:2276–82.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Bristow SM, Gamble GD, Pasch A, O’Neill WC, Stewart A, Horne AM, et al. Acute and 3-month effects of calcium carbonate on the calcification propensity of serum and regulators of vascular calcification: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Osteoporos Int. 2016;27(3):1209–16.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bristow SM, Gamble GD, Stewart A, Horne AM, Reid IR. Acute effects of calcium supplements on blood pressure and blood coagulation: secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial in post-menopausal women. Brit J Nutr. 2015;114:1868–74.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Billington EO, Bristow SM, Gamble GD, de Kwant JA, Stewart A, Mihov BV, et al. Acute effects of calcium supplements on blood pressure: randomised, crossover trial in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int. 2017;28(1):119–25.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Reid IR, Horne A, Mason B, Ames R, Bava U, Gamble GD. Effects of calcium supplementation on body weight and blood pressure in normal older women: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90(7):3824–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tai V, Leung W, Grey A, Reid IR, Bolland MJ. Calcium intake and bone mineral density: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2015;351:h4183.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Vilaca T, Toronjo Schini M, Thompson AR, Vittinghoff E, Lui L-Y, Ewing SK, et al. 7867 treatment-related changes in total hip bone Mineral density and fracture risk reduction for drugs with different mechanisms of action: the FNIH-ASBMR-SABRE Project. J Endocr Soc. 2024;8(Supplement1):bvae163525.

Article